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Mutagenicity testing. --- Mutagen testing --- Mutagenesis --- Mutagens --- Chronic toxicity testing --- Testing

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Mutagenicity Tests --- Mutagenicity testing --- -Mutagen testing --- Mutagenesis --- Mutagens --- Chronic toxicity testing --- methods --- Handbooks, manuals, etc --- Testing --- Mutagenicity tests --- Handbooks, manuals, etc. --- Methods. --- -methods --- Mutagen testing

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Carcinogenicity testing --- Mutagenicity testing --- 615.916 --- 632.95.024 --- 612.014.46 --- $?$89/11 --- Mutagen testing --- Mutagenesis --- Mutagens --- Chronic toxicity testing --- Carcinogenesis --- Carcinogenic activity testing --- Carcinogens --- Testing for carcinogenicity --- Oncology, Experimental --- Testing --- Carcinogenicity testing. --- Mutagenicity testing.

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Data Interpretation, Statistical. --- Mutagenicity Tests. --- Mutagens --- Mutagenicity testing --- -Mutagen testing --- Mutagenesis --- Chronic toxicity testing --- Tests, Genetic Toxicity --- Toxicity Tests, Genetic --- Genetic Toxicity Tests --- Genotoxicity Tests --- Mutagen Screening --- Genetic Toxicity Test --- Genotoxicity Test --- Mutagen Screenings --- Mutagenicity Test --- Screening, Mutagen --- Screenings, Mutagen --- Test, Genotoxicity --- Tests, Genotoxicity --- Toxicity Test, Genetic --- Carcinogenicity Tests --- Data Interpretations, Statistical --- Interpretation, Statistical Data --- Statistical Data Analysis --- Statistical Data Interpretation --- Data Analysis, Statistical --- Analyses, Statistical Data --- Analysis, Statistical Data --- Data Analyses, Statistical --- Interpretations, Statistical Data --- Statistical Data Analyses --- Statistical Data Interpretations --- toxicity. --- Statistical methods --- Testing --- Statistical methods. --- -toxicity. --- Data Interpretation, Statistical --- Mutagenicity Tests --- Mutagen testing --- toxicity

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Over the past decades, insertional mutagenesis has played an important contribution to our understanding of cancer. Initially, the action of slow transforming retroviruses was used to identify endogenous cellular oncogenes (e.g. Myc, Myb). These observations sparked a series of experiments that eventually led to the idea cancer is caused by somatically acquired mutations in endogenous oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Since these discoveries, insertional mutagenesis has been used to identify novel cancer genes in a variety of tumor types in animal models of cancer. More recent work has developed novel insertional mutagens, such as transposons, that have broader capabilities to model cancer in vivo. While this work has focused on developing animal models of cancer, recent gene therapy trials in human patients have shown that insertional mutagenesis can also contribute to transformation. The goal of this work is summarize the contribution that insertional mutagenesis has made to our understanding of cancer. A variety of insertional mutagens are presented that have been used to study a variety of tumor types in several model organisms. In addition, the impact of insertional mutagenesis in several gene therapy trials is discussed along with strategies to avoid such complications in future clinical trials.

Mutagenicity testing. --- Cancer --- Cancer genetics --- Mutagen testing --- Mutagenesis --- Mutagens --- Genetic aspects. --- Testing --- Medicine. --- Cancer research. --- Human genetics. --- Pharmacology. --- Biomedicine. --- Cancer Research. --- Human Genetics. --- Pharmacology/Toxicology. --- Cancer genes --- Chronic toxicity testing --- Oncology. --- Toxicology. --- Chemicals --- Medicine --- Pharmacology --- Poisoning --- Poisons --- Genetics --- Heredity, Human --- Human biology --- Physical anthropology --- Tumors --- Toxicology --- Drug effects --- Medical pharmacology --- Medical sciences --- Chemotherapy --- Drugs --- Pharmacy --- Cancer research --- Physiological effect