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musées nationaux (Frankrijk) --- Cézanne, Paul --- Frankrijk

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Museology --- Art --- Réunion des musées nationaux - Grand Palais [Paris]

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Featuring more than 100 works, the exhibition Rome: Nature and the Ideal. Landscapes 1600-1650 is exhibited at the Museo del Prado after its showing at the Grand Palais in Paris. The exhibition project is one of the most ambitious to be undertaken by the Prado, which has worked closely with the Musée du Louvre. Works have been loaned from fifty different sources in order to offer the most important selection of landscape of this period to be exhibited to date. This important group of works analyzes the evolution of the genre from its first flowering to its maturity through figures of the stature of Velázquez, Claude Lorraine and Poussin. Until the late 16th century, landscape was considered a minor artistic genre by art theoreticians and on certain occasions was treated as a speciality confined to the painters who had moved from northern Europe to Italy. Various different traditions co-existed in Rome, together constituting the most important trends within this genre in the 16th century, namely the archaeological landscapes of Polidoro da Caravaggio and Raphael and the more naturalistic, poetic canvases of Giorgione and Titian, whose works some of the great Roman collectors were proud to display. It was Annibale Carracci who developed the prototype of the harmoniously structured landscape of a kind that came to be described as classical by the end of the 17th century. Carracci's example was developed by his Bolognese followers including Domenichino and Francesco Albani, who further enhanced the genre with literary references. In addition, Paul Bril formulated new typologies such as the marine landscape, genre scenes of fishermen and topographically accurate landscapes. As a result, Bril and other artists from Antwerp such as Jan Brueghel and Sebastian Vrancx updated the 16th-century Antwerp tradition of landscape through contact with the natural environment of Italy. Another important factor in the development of the genre was the presence of the German painter Adam Elsheimer in Rome from 1610 to 1620. Elsheimer introduced small figures and other elements such as literary references into his landscapes, which have a dramatic tension normally associated with history painting. His enthusiasm for atmospheric effects and different types of light constituted an important precedent for the naturalist landscape painting of Bartholomeus Breenbergh, Cornelis van Poelenburgh and Filippo Napoletano, who in turn inspired artists such as Carlo Saraceni and Orazio Gentileschi, all present in the exhibition with key works from their respective oeuvres. The two sections of the exhibition devoted to Claude Lorraine and Nicolas Poussin are specially important. Both painters were the leading representatives of the genre and their works marked the transition of the landscape painting from a minor genre to a renowned painting endowed with features that defined its uniqueness. Alongside their works are paintings by other French artists such as Jean Lemaire, who rapidly became sought after on the art market for his views with classical ruins, and Gaspard Dughet, whose proto-romantic visions would be extremely influential for later landscape painters such as Courbet. The two venues Rome. Nature and the Ideal is held (Galeries nationales du Grand Palais and the Museo del Prado) present an almost identical version of the exhibition with regard to its content, except for the drawings, which vary significantly for conservation reasons. The main difference in the Madrid version of the exhibition is the inclusion of a section that focuses on Philip IV's commission of a large series of landscapes for the decoration of the Buen Retiro Palace in Madrid. The project involved the participation of the leading artists resident in Rome between 1635 and 1640, whose influence would be crucial for the future development of the genre.

landscapes [representations] --- Prado Museum [Madrid] --- Réunion des musées nationaux - Grand Palais [Paris] --- anno 1500-1599 --- anno 1600-1699

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Museology --- Paris --- Art --- Conservation and restoration --- Periodicals --- Conservation et restauration --- Périodiques --- Musée du Louvre. --- Conseil des musées nationaux (France) --- Periodicals. --- Périodiques --- Musée du Louvre. --- Conseil des musées nationaux (France)

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Art and state --- History --- Reunion des musees nationaux (France) --- France --- Cultural policy --- -Art and state --- -Art --- Arts --- Politics and art --- State and art --- Art and society --- Education and state --- -History --- -Government policy --- Government policy --- -France. --- Réunion des musées nationaux, Paris --- France. --- RMN --- Meeting of National Museums (France) --- Rmn-Grand Palais (Organization) --- -Cultural policy --- -Reunion des musees nationaux (France) --- Pʻŭrangsŭ --- Frankrig --- Francja --- Frant︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Prantsusmaa --- Francia (Republic) --- Tsarfat --- Tsorfat --- Franḳraykh --- Frankreich --- Fa-kuo --- Faguo --- Франция --- French Republic --- République française --- Peurancih --- Frankryk --- Franse Republiek --- Francland --- Frencisc Cynewīse --- فرنسا --- Faransā --- Franza --- Republica Franzesa --- Gallia (Republic) --- Hyãsia --- Phransiya --- Fransa --- Fransa Respublikası --- Franse --- Францыя --- Frantsyi︠a︡ --- Французская Рэспубліка --- Frantsuzskai︠a︡ Rėspublika --- Parancis --- Pransya --- Franis --- Francuska --- Republika Francuska --- Bro-C'hall --- Френска република --- Frenska republika --- França --- República Francesa --- Pransiya --- Republikang Pranses --- Γαλλία --- Gallia --- Γαλλική Δημοκρατία --- Gallikē Dēmokratia --- فرانسه --- Farānsah --- צרפת --- רפובליקה הצרפתית --- Republiḳah ha-Tsarfatit --- פראנקרייך --- 法国 --- 法蘭西共和國 --- Falanxi Gongheguo --- フランス --- Furansu --- フランス共和国 --- Furansu Kyōwakoku --- Francija --- Ranska --- Frankrike --- Art --- Réunion des musées nationaux (France) --- History. --- France (Provisional government, 1944-1946) --- 프랑스 --- Falanxi --- Fa-lan-hsi --- 法蘭西 --- Frankrijk --- Frant︠s︡ --- Франц --- Frant︠s︡ Uls --- Франц Улс --- Art and state - France - History - 20th century --- Art and state - France - History - 19th century --- France - Cultural policy - History - 19th century --- France - Cultural policy - History - 20th century