Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

International trade --- Developing Countries --- External trade --- Foreign commerce --- Foreign trade --- Global commerce --- Global trade --- Trade, International --- World trade --- Commerce --- International economic relations --- Non-traded goods --- Commerce. --- Commercial policy. --- Uruguay Round, 1987-1994 --- Uruguay Round --- Cycle d'Uruguay --- Gyros Ourougouaēs --- Gyros tēs Ourougouaēs --- Jawlat Ūrūjuwāy --- Multilateral Trade Negotiations, the Uruguay Round --- Negociaciones Comerciales Multilaterales, Ronda Uruguay --- Négociations commerciales multilatérales, Cycle d'Uruguay --- Putaran Uruguay --- Ronda Uruguay --- Rō̜p ʻUrukwai --- Uruguai Raundŭ --- Uruguay Round of MTNs --- Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations --- Uruguay Runde --- Urugwai Raundŭ --- Wu-la-kuei hui ho --- Developing countries

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Foreign trade policy --- Competition, International --- Free trade --- International trade --- External trade --- Foreign commerce --- Foreign trade --- Global commerce --- Global trade --- Trade, International --- World trade --- Commerce --- International economic relations --- Non-traded goods --- Free trade and protection --- Trade, Free --- Trade liberalization --- International competition --- World economics --- International relations --- War --- Economic aspects --- Uruguay Round, 1987-1994 --- Uruguay Round --- Cycle d'Uruguay --- Gyros Ourougouaēs --- Gyros tēs Ourougouaēs --- Jawlat Ūrūjuwāy --- Multilateral Trade Negotiations, the Uruguay Round --- Negociaciones Comerciales Multilaterales, Ronda Uruguay --- Négociations commerciales multilatérales, Cycle d'Uruguay --- Putaran Uruguay --- Ronda Uruguay --- Rō̜p ʻUrukwai --- Uruguai Raundŭ --- Uruguay Round of MTNs --- Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations --- Uruguay Runde --- Urugwai Raundŭ --- Wu-la-kuei hui ho --- Politique commerciale internationale

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

International trade --- Equilibrium (Economics) --- Econometric models --- Uruguay Round, --- 339 --- -International trade --- -339 --- External trade --- Foreign commerce --- Foreign trade --- Global commerce --- Global trade --- Trade, International --- World trade --- Commerce --- International economic relations --- Non-traded goods --- Handel. Internationale economische betrekkingen. Wereldeconomie --binnenlandse als buitenlandse handel; zie ook {339.3} en {339.5} --- Uruguay Round, 1987-1994 --- 339 Handel. Internationale economische betrekkingen. Wereldeconomie --binnenlandse als buitenlandse handel; zie ook {339.3} en {339.5} --- Uruguay Round --- Cycle d'Uruguay --- Gyros Ourougouaēs --- Gyros tēs Ourougouaēs --- Jawlat Ūrūjuwāy --- Multilateral Trade Negotiations, the Uruguay Round --- Negociaciones Comerciales Multilaterales, Ronda Uruguay --- Négociations commerciales multilatérales, Cycle d'Uruguay --- Putaran Uruguay --- Ronda Uruguay --- Rō̜p ʻUrukwai --- Uruguai Raundŭ --- Uruguay Round of MTNs --- Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations --- Uruguay Runde --- Urugwai Raundŭ --- Wu-la-kuei hui ho --- International trade - Econometric models --- Equilibrium (Economics) - Econometric models

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

The Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture (URAA) was a turning point in the reform of the agricultural trade system. It imposed disciplines on trade-distorting domestic policies and established new rules in the areas of market access and export competition. How effective have the three disciplines contained in the URAA been in bringing about a reduction in the level of production-related support and protection? Which elements of the disciplines have proved effective and which ineffective? What policy lessons can be drawn from the experience so far? What might be inferred about opportunities and challenges for further trade liberalisation? This report provides some answers to these questions for all OECD countries. A key conclusion of the report is that the immediate quantitative effects of the URAA on trade and protection levels have been modest. The reasons for this include the weakness of many specific features of the URAA including implementation and methodological issues. Countries have already embarked on a new round of multilateral trade negotiations on agriculture. The challenge facing policy makers is to build upon the foundation of the URAA to further reduce trade distortions. This requires strengthening the disciplines already established under the URAA and addressing those weaknesses of the current agreement which have been identified in this study.

Agriculture and state -- OECD countries. --- Produce trade -- OECD countries. --- Tariff on farm produce -- OECD countries. --- Uruguay Round (1987-1994) Produce trade -- OECD countries. --- Uruguay Round (1987-1994). --- Produce trade --- Agriculture and state --- Tariff on farm produce --- Uruguay Round --- Farm produce --- Tariff on agricultural products --- Agrarian question --- Agricultural policy --- Agriculture --- State and agriculture --- Economic policy --- Land reform --- Agricultural marketing --- Agricultural products --- Food trade --- Food industry and trade --- Commodity exchanges --- Tariff --- Government policy --- Economic aspects --- Cycle d'Uruguay --- Gyros Ourougouaēs --- Gyros tēs Ourougouaēs --- Jawlat Ūrūjuwāy --- Multilateral Trade Negotiations, the Uruguay Round --- Negociaciones Comerciales Multilaterales, Ronda Uruguay --- Négociations commerciales multilatérales, Cycle d'Uruguay --- Putaran Uruguay --- Ronda Uruguay --- Rō̜p ʻUrukwai --- Uruguai Raundŭ --- Uruguay Round of MTNs --- Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations --- Uruguay Runde --- Urugwai Raundŭ --- Wu-la-kuei hui ho --- Uruguay

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

October 1999 - An analysis of developing countries' current trade policies and market access problems is used as a basis for recommending positions for these countries in the new round of multilateral negotiations under the World Trade Organization. Michalopoulos analyzes 61 trade policy reviews prepared for the World Trade Organization (WTO) and its predecessor, GATT - reviews that document the progress developing countries have made in integration with the world trading system over the past decade. Based on an analysis of post-Uruguay Round tariff and nontariff barriers worldwide, he then recommends developing country positions on major issues in the new round of WTO trade negotiations. His key conclusions and recommendations: Agriculture. Developing countries should support the Cairns Group in its push for greater liberalization of industrial countries' agricultural trade policies; the revised Food Aid Convention is not a substitute for but a complement to worldwide liberalization of agriculture; Manufactures. The existence of tariff peaks and escalation in industrial country markets and the limited bindings at relatively high levels of developing country tariffs on manufactures present opportunities for negotiations with good prospects for shared and balanced benefits. The remaining nontariff barriers in industrial countries that affect manufactures are concentrated in textiles and clothing. Developing countries should ensure that industrial countries implement their commitments to liberalize this sector and impose no new nontariff barriers in this or other sectors under the guise of other rules or arrangements. The remaining nontariff barriers in developing countries should be converted into tariffs and reduced over time as part of the negotiations; Antidumping. The increased use of antidumping measures by high- and middle-income developing countries in recent periods offers an opportunity for balanced negotiations to restrict their use. Reduced use of antidumping measures would increase efficiency and benefit consumers in all countries. But it is unclear whether a supportive climate for such negotiations exists in either industrial or developing countries. This paper - a product of Trade, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to identify opportunities for developing countries in the WTO 2000 negotiations. The author may be contacted at cmichalopoulos@worldbank.org.

Agricultural Trade --- Country Strategy and Performance --- Debt Markets --- Developed Countries --- Developing Countries --- Economic Theory and Research --- Emerging Markets --- Export Subsidies --- Export Subsidy --- Exports --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- Free Trade --- Imports --- International Economics & Trade --- International Market --- International Trade --- International Trading --- International Trading System --- Law and Development --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Multilateral Trade Negotiations --- Private Sector Development --- Production --- Public Sector Development --- Tariff --- Tariffs --- Trade --- Trade Law --- Trade Policies --- Trade Policy --- Trade Remedies --- World Trade