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Book
Multiple drug resistance
Authors: ---
ISBN: 1611225612 Year: 2010 Publisher: New York : Nova Science Publishers,

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Timebomb : the global epidemic of multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis
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ISBN: 0071359249 Year: 2002 Publisher: New York McGraw-Hill

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Book
Multidrug resistance in Cancer: Pharmacological Strategies from Basic Research to Clinical Issues
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Year: 2015 Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

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More than 40 years ago, the observation that doxorubicin-resistant tumor cells were cross-resistant to several structurally different anticancer agents was the first step in the discovery of P-glycoprotein (P-gp). P-gp belongs to the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters;its overexpression has become a therapeutic target for overcoming multidrug resistance in tumors. However, P-gp is also expressed in cells of normal tissues where it plays a physiological role, by protecting them from the toxic effects of xenobiotics. Also, ABCB1 gene polymorphisms may influence the response to anticancer drugs substrate of P-gp. Several strategies to overcome P-gp tumor drug resistance have been suggested. P-gp 'circumvention’ is the most explored and is based on the coadministration of anticancer agents and pump inhibitors (P-gp modulators). Despite the positive findings obtained in preclinical studies, results of clinical trials are not yet successful and clinical research is still ongoing. Other investigational approaches have been studied (e.g. P-gp targeting antibodies, use of antisense strategies or transcriptional regulators targeting ABCB1 gene expression) but their use is still circumscribed to the preclinical setting. A further approach is represented by the encapsulation of P-gp substrate anticancer drugs into liposomes or nanoparticles. This strategy has shown higher efficacy in tumor previously treated with the free drug. The reasons explaining the increased efficacy of liposomal/nanoparticle-based drugs in Pgp-overexpressing tumors include the coating with specific surfactants, the composition changes in the plasma membrane microdomains where P-gp is embedded, the direct impairment of P-gp catalytic mechanisms exerted by specific component of the liposomal shell, but are not yet fully understood. A second strategy to overcome P-gp tumor drug resistance is represented by exploiting the P-gp presence. Actually, P-gp-overexpressing cells show increased sensitivity (collateral sensitivity) to some drugs (e.g. verapamil, narcotic analgesics) and to some investigational compounds (e.g. NSC73306). P-gp-overexpressing cell are hypersensitive to reactive oxygen species, to agents perturbing the energetic metabolic pathways, changing the membrane compositions, reducing the efflux of endogenous toxic catabolites. However, the mechanisms explaining collateral sensitivity have not been fully elucidated. Another approach to exploit P-gp is represented by ABCB1 gene transfer to transform bone marrow progenitor cells into a drug resistant state which may allow conventional or higher doses of anticancer drug substrates of P-gp to be administered safely after transplantation. More recently the development and introduction in the clinics of anticancer drugs which are not substrates of P-gp (e.g. new microtubule modulators, topoisomerase inhibitors) has provided a new and promising strategy to overcome P-gp tumor drug resistance (P-gp 'evasion'). This ‘research topic’ issue aims at exploding the above mentioned matters, in particular by: -retracing the history of the first researches on P-gp - describing the physiological role of P-gp - describing the molecular basis, structural features and mechanism of action of P-gp - describing diagnostic laboratory methods useful to determine the expression of P-gp and its transporter function - describing strategies to overcome tumor drug resistance due to P-gp and other ABC transporters - indicating novel approaches to overcome P-gp multidrug resistance, ranging from basic research studies to pre-clinical/clinical studies.


Book
Multidrug resistance in Cancer: Pharmacological Strategies from Basic Research to Clinical Issues
Authors: --- ---
Year: 2015 Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

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Abstract

More than 40 years ago, the observation that doxorubicin-resistant tumor cells were cross-resistant to several structurally different anticancer agents was the first step in the discovery of P-glycoprotein (P-gp). P-gp belongs to the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters;its overexpression has become a therapeutic target for overcoming multidrug resistance in tumors. However, P-gp is also expressed in cells of normal tissues where it plays a physiological role, by protecting them from the toxic effects of xenobiotics. Also, ABCB1 gene polymorphisms may influence the response to anticancer drugs substrate of P-gp. Several strategies to overcome P-gp tumor drug resistance have been suggested. P-gp 'circumvention’ is the most explored and is based on the coadministration of anticancer agents and pump inhibitors (P-gp modulators). Despite the positive findings obtained in preclinical studies, results of clinical trials are not yet successful and clinical research is still ongoing. Other investigational approaches have been studied (e.g. P-gp targeting antibodies, use of antisense strategies or transcriptional regulators targeting ABCB1 gene expression) but their use is still circumscribed to the preclinical setting. A further approach is represented by the encapsulation of P-gp substrate anticancer drugs into liposomes or nanoparticles. This strategy has shown higher efficacy in tumor previously treated with the free drug. The reasons explaining the increased efficacy of liposomal/nanoparticle-based drugs in Pgp-overexpressing tumors include the coating with specific surfactants, the composition changes in the plasma membrane microdomains where P-gp is embedded, the direct impairment of P-gp catalytic mechanisms exerted by specific component of the liposomal shell, but are not yet fully understood. A second strategy to overcome P-gp tumor drug resistance is represented by exploiting the P-gp presence. Actually, P-gp-overexpressing cells show increased sensitivity (collateral sensitivity) to some drugs (e.g. verapamil, narcotic analgesics) and to some investigational compounds (e.g. NSC73306). P-gp-overexpressing cell are hypersensitive to reactive oxygen species, to agents perturbing the energetic metabolic pathways, changing the membrane compositions, reducing the efflux of endogenous toxic catabolites. However, the mechanisms explaining collateral sensitivity have not been fully elucidated. Another approach to exploit P-gp is represented by ABCB1 gene transfer to transform bone marrow progenitor cells into a drug resistant state which may allow conventional or higher doses of anticancer drug substrates of P-gp to be administered safely after transplantation. More recently the development and introduction in the clinics of anticancer drugs which are not substrates of P-gp (e.g. new microtubule modulators, topoisomerase inhibitors) has provided a new and promising strategy to overcome P-gp tumor drug resistance (P-gp 'evasion'). This ‘research topic’ issue aims at exploding the above mentioned matters, in particular by: -retracing the history of the first researches on P-gp - describing the physiological role of P-gp - describing the molecular basis, structural features and mechanism of action of P-gp - describing diagnostic laboratory methods useful to determine the expression of P-gp and its transporter function - describing strategies to overcome tumor drug resistance due to P-gp and other ABC transporters - indicating novel approaches to overcome P-gp multidrug resistance, ranging from basic research studies to pre-clinical/clinical studies.


Book
Multidrug resistance in Cancer: Pharmacological Strategies from Basic Research to Clinical Issues
Authors: --- ---
Year: 2015 Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

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Abstract

More than 40 years ago, the observation that doxorubicin-resistant tumor cells were cross-resistant to several structurally different anticancer agents was the first step in the discovery of P-glycoprotein (P-gp). P-gp belongs to the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters;its overexpression has become a therapeutic target for overcoming multidrug resistance in tumors. However, P-gp is also expressed in cells of normal tissues where it plays a physiological role, by protecting them from the toxic effects of xenobiotics. Also, ABCB1 gene polymorphisms may influence the response to anticancer drugs substrate of P-gp. Several strategies to overcome P-gp tumor drug resistance have been suggested. P-gp 'circumvention’ is the most explored and is based on the coadministration of anticancer agents and pump inhibitors (P-gp modulators). Despite the positive findings obtained in preclinical studies, results of clinical trials are not yet successful and clinical research is still ongoing. Other investigational approaches have been studied (e.g. P-gp targeting antibodies, use of antisense strategies or transcriptional regulators targeting ABCB1 gene expression) but their use is still circumscribed to the preclinical setting. A further approach is represented by the encapsulation of P-gp substrate anticancer drugs into liposomes or nanoparticles. This strategy has shown higher efficacy in tumor previously treated with the free drug. The reasons explaining the increased efficacy of liposomal/nanoparticle-based drugs in Pgp-overexpressing tumors include the coating with specific surfactants, the composition changes in the plasma membrane microdomains where P-gp is embedded, the direct impairment of P-gp catalytic mechanisms exerted by specific component of the liposomal shell, but are not yet fully understood. A second strategy to overcome P-gp tumor drug resistance is represented by exploiting the P-gp presence. Actually, P-gp-overexpressing cells show increased sensitivity (collateral sensitivity) to some drugs (e.g. verapamil, narcotic analgesics) and to some investigational compounds (e.g. NSC73306). P-gp-overexpressing cell are hypersensitive to reactive oxygen species, to agents perturbing the energetic metabolic pathways, changing the membrane compositions, reducing the efflux of endogenous toxic catabolites. However, the mechanisms explaining collateral sensitivity have not been fully elucidated. Another approach to exploit P-gp is represented by ABCB1 gene transfer to transform bone marrow progenitor cells into a drug resistant state which may allow conventional or higher doses of anticancer drug substrates of P-gp to be administered safely after transplantation. More recently the development and introduction in the clinics of anticancer drugs which are not substrates of P-gp (e.g. new microtubule modulators, topoisomerase inhibitors) has provided a new and promising strategy to overcome P-gp tumor drug resistance (P-gp 'evasion'). This ‘research topic’ issue aims at exploding the above mentioned matters, in particular by: -retracing the history of the first researches on P-gp - describing the physiological role of P-gp - describing the molecular basis, structural features and mechanism of action of P-gp - describing diagnostic laboratory methods useful to determine the expression of P-gp and its transporter function - describing strategies to overcome tumor drug resistance due to P-gp and other ABC transporters - indicating novel approaches to overcome P-gp multidrug resistance, ranging from basic research studies to pre-clinical/clinical studies.


Book
Influence des polymorphismes génétiques de la P-glycoprotéine sur l'accumulation intracellulaire de médicaments antirétroviraux et immunosuppresseurs

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Les protéines d’efflux jouent un rôle important dans l’absorption, la distribution et l’excrétion de nombreux xénobiotiques, notamment les médicaments antirétroviraux et les immunosuppresseurs. Ces protéines sont dès lors susceptibles d’influencer la réponse thérapeutique à ces médicaments en affectant directement leur profil pharmacocinétique. Le but principal de ce mémoire était d’étudier l’activité de la protéine d’efflux ABCBI vis-à-vis de différents substrats et d’évaluer l’impact fonctionnel d’un polymorphisme génétique en particulier (ABCBI 1199G>A) sur cette activité. Nous avons analysé plus particulièrement l’influence de ce polymorphisme ABCB1 1199G>A sur l’accumulation intracellulaire et l’activité d’efflux d’ABCB1 vis-à-vis du Lopinavir (LPV), médicament antirétroviral, et vis-à-vis du Tacrolimus (Tac) et de la Ciclosporine (C5A), médicaments immunossuppresseurs. Ces études fonctionnelles ont été réalisées dans des modèles recombinants surexprimant soit la forme sauvage (1199G) soit la forme mutée (11 99A) d’ABCB1. Le premier objectif du mémoire consistait à achever la caractérisation du modèle cellulaire recombinant préalablement établi au sein du laboratoire de manière à valider de manière rigoureuse le modèle d’étude et de s’assurer ainsi de la pertinence de celui-ci pour nos études fonctionnelles. Ceci a été réalisé en confirmant, par une technique d’immunofluorescence, que seuls les clones recombinants transfectés avec le c-DNA ABCB1 sauvage ou muté surexpriment la protéine d’intérêt alors que les cellules HEK293 non-transfectées présentent une expression basale nulle ou du moins très faible. Nous avons également analysé l’activité de la protéine dans les clones recombinants en évaluant l’impact de cette surexpression sur l’accumulation intracellulaire d’un substrat fluorescent ‘d’ABCB1, la Rhodamine 123 (Rh123), en présence ou non de deux inhibiteurs d’ABCB1 (leVérapamil ou le Ritonavir). Les résultats obtenus montrent qu’en présence de Vérapamil ou de RTV, l’activité d’efflux d’ABCB1 semble inhibée dans les clones recombinants. En effet, nous avons observé une augmentation de l’intensité de fluorescence intracellulaire, liée à une accumulation accrue de Rh123, lorsque l’activité d’ABCB1 est inhibée au sein des clones recombinants alors que cette intensité fluorescente n’est que légèrement affectée par ces inhibiteurs dans les cellules non-transfectées. Aussi, nous avons constaté que, en absence d’inhibiteur, les cellules 1199A présentent une fluorescence intracellulaire légèrement inférieure comparées aux cellules 1199G. Notre hypothèse est la suivante; l’allèle 1199A serait lié à une légère hausse d’activité d’ABCB1 vis-à-vis de la Rh123. Combinés aux résultats préalablement obtenus par western blot et immunofluorescence, nous avons donc pu valider ce modèle cellulaire recombinant. Le second objectif consistait en l’étude de l’impact fonctionnel du polymorphisme ABCB1 1199G>A sur l’activité d’ABCB1 de manière à pouvoir confirmer in vitro des associations observées in vivo. En effet, il a été suggéré que le polymorphisme ABCB1 1199G>A affecte l’activité de cette protéine de manière substrat spécifique. Cette mutation a en effet été liée à une diminution de l’activité d’ABCB1 vis-à-vis du Tac, alors que ce variant allélique a été associé à une augmentation de l’activité d’ABCB1 vis-à-vis de la CsA. Nous avons par ailleurs testé si ce polymorphisme influençait la perméabilité cellulaire du LPV, comme démontré in vitro par Woodahl et son équipe. Nous avons pu confirmer que le variant allélique 1199A est bien associé à une activité d’efflux moins importante vis-à-vis du Tac et dès lors, à une accumulation intracellulaire accrue du médicament. En ce qui concerne la CsA, nous avons confirmé l’effet opposé; c’est-à-dire que la protéine mutée possède une activité d’efflux plus importante vis-à-vis de la CsA que la protéine sauvage. Dès lors, ceci semble indiquer que ce polymorphisme ABCB1 1199G>A a bien un impact fonctionnel sur l’activité de la protéine qui dépend du substrat investigué et par conséquent, influence l’accumulation intracellulaire de ses substrats. En accord avec l’hypothèse selon laquelle la nature de l’effet de ce polymorphisme est substrat spécifique, nous avons pu observer que cette mutation n’influence pas l’accumulation intracellulaire et l’activité d’efflux d’ABCB1 vis-à-vis du LPV. En conclusion, les résultats obtenus permettent donc de confirmer l’hypothèse selon laquelle le polymorphisme ABCB1 1199G>A aurait un impact différent selon le substrat investigué et affecterait l’activité et l’affinité de la protéine pour ses substrats.


Book
Cancer Metabolism: Current Knowledge and Perspectives
Authors: --- ---
Year: 2019 Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact


Book
The Molecular Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance in Aquatic Pathogens
Authors: --- --- ---
Year: 2020 Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

Molecular and cellular biology of multidrug resistance in tumor cells
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ISBN: 0306435470 Year: 1991 Publisher: New York London Plenum Press

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Book
The Molecular Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance in Aquatic Pathogens
Authors: --- --- ---
Year: 2020 Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

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Abstract

This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

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