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Domestic terrorism --- Jihad. --- Muslims --- Political activity --- Indian Mujahideen. --- Pakistan. --- Jamat al-Dawa Pakistan. --- India --- India --- Politics and government. --- Ethnic relations.

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Some 250,000 people died in the southern Somalia famine of 2011-12, which also displaced and destroyed the livelihoods of hundreds of thousands more. Yet this crisis had been predicted in 2010. The harshest drought in Somalia's recent history coincided with a global spike in food prices, hitting this arid, import-dependent country hard. The policies of Al-Shabaab, a militant Islamist group that controlled southern Somalia, exacerbated an already difficult situation, barring most humanitarian assistance, while the donors' counter-terrorism policies criminalized any aid falling into their hands. A major disaster resulted from production and market failures precipitated by the drought and food price crisis, while the famine itself resulted from failure to respond quickly to these events-and was thus largely human-made. This book analyzes the famine.

Famines --- Famine --- Food supply --- Starvation --- Shabaab. --- Somalia --- Somalia. --- Shabaab <> --- al-Shabaab --- Harakat al-Shabaab al-Mujahideen --- HSM --- Hizbul Shabaab --- Mujahideen Youth Movement --- Politische Organisation --- Somaliland --- Jamhuuriyadda Dimugraadiga Soomaaliya --- Jamhuriyadda Dimugradiya Soomaaliya --- Ṣūmālīya --- <> Ǧumhūrīya ad-Dīmūqrāṭīya aṣ-Ṣūmālīya --- Repubblica Somalia --- Repubblica Democratica Somalia --- Soomaaliya --- Jamhuuriyadda Dimoqraadiga Soomaaliya --- Jamhuriyadda Dimuqradiga Soomaaliya --- Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliya --- Jamhuriyadda Dimugradiga ee Soomaaliya --- Somaliya --- Jamhuriyadda Dimugradiga Somaliya --- Ǧumhūrīyat aṣ-Ṣūmāl ad-Dīmuqrāṭīya --- Jamhuuriyadda Demokratikada Soomaaliya --- Somali Democratic Republic --- Demokratische Republik Somalia --- Somali Republic --- Sūmālīya --- Federal Republic of Somalia --- Somalier --- Britisch-Somaliland --- Italienisch-Somaliland --- 1960 --- -J.D.S. --- Jamhuuriyadda Dheegcabayaasha Cilmila'anta --- Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraatiga Soomaaliya --- JDS --- Jumhuriyadda Dimuqradika Somaliya --- Jumhūrīyat al-Ṣūmāl al-Dīmuqrāṭīyah --- Jumhūriyyat aṣ-Ṣūmāl --- Repubblica democratica somala --- Repubblica somala --- République Démocratique de Somalie --- S.D.R. --- SDR --- Ṣūmāl --- J.D.S.

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"This report analyzes the U.S. and allied campaign against the al Qa'ida-linked terrorist group al Shabaab in Somalia, examines what steps have been most successful against the group, and identifies potential recommendations. It concludes that, while al Shabaab was weakened between 2011 and 2016, the group could resurge if urgent steps are not taken to address the political, economic, and governance challenges at the heart of the conflict. This study finds that a tailored engagement strategy which involved deploying a small number of U.S. special operations forces to conduct targeted strikes, provide intelligence, and build the capacity of local partner forces to conduct ground operations--was key in degrading al Shabaab. Still, progress in Somalia is reversible in the absence of continued and consistent pressure and political, economic, and social reforms. Today's terrorism and insurgency landscape defies easy solutions, with challenges from the Islamic State, al Qa'ida, and other groups across the Middle East, Europe, Asia, and Africa. While there has been a significant focus on how and why the U.S. and other Western governments have failed to degrade terrorists and insurgents in Iraq, Syria, Afghanistan, Libya, and other countries, there has been far less attention on successful efforts to degrade groups. In Somalia, there has been limited progress. The challenge will be preventing a reversal"--Publisher's description.

Polemology --- Somalia --- Terrorism --- Counterinsurgency --- Counterguerrilla warfare --- Guerrilla warfare --- Insurgency --- Acts of terrorism --- Attacks, Terrorist --- Global terrorism --- International terrorism --- Political terrorism --- Terror attacks --- Terrorist acts --- Terrorist attacks --- World terrorism --- Direct action --- Political crimes and offenses --- Subversive activities --- Political violence --- Terror --- Prevention --- Evaluation. --- Shabaab (Organization) --- Al-Shabaab (Organization) --- Al-Shabaab (Somalia) --- Ash-Shabaab (Somalia) --- Harakat al-Shabab al-Mujahideen --- Hizbul Shabaab (Somalia) --- HSM (Somalia) --- Movement of Striving Youth (Somalia) --- Mujahidin al-Shabaab Movement (Somalia) --- Mujahidin Youth Movement (Somalia) --- MYM (Somalia) --- Popular Resistance Movement in the Land of the Two Migrations (Somalia) --- Shabaab (Somalia) --- Shabab (Organization) --- Xarakada Mujaahidiinta Alshabaab (Somalia)

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The U.S. government classified members of the Mujahedin-e Khalq (MeK), a cult and designated foreign terrorist organization that was listed as an enemy force in Iraq, as civilian protected persons rather than combatant prisoners of war under the Geneva Conventions. A RAND study of this controversial decision recommends that MeK members be repatriated to Iran, which has promised amnesty to the group and appears to have upheld its commitment.

Terrorism --- War on Terrorism, 2001-2009 --- Terrorists --- Criminals --- Government policy --- Moral and ethical aspects. --- Sāzmān-i Mujāhidīn-i Khalq (Iran) --- Mujaheddin-e-Khalq (Iran) --- Mujāhidīn-i Khalq (Iran) --- Organization der Modjahedin des Iranischen Volkes --- O.M.I.V. --- OMIV --- People's Mojahedin Organisation of Iran --- P.M.O.I. --- PMOI --- Sāzmān-i Mujāhidīn-i Khalq-i Īrān --- People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran --- Mujahideen Khalq Organization --- MKO --- People's Mojahedin of Iran --- O.M.K.I. --- Organization of the Mujahidin Khalgh-e Iran. --- Liberation Movement of Iran Abroad --- Munaẓẓamat Mujāhidī al-Shaʻb al-Īrānīyah --- Mujahiddin-i-Khalq Organization --- Organisation des modjahedines du peuple d'Iran --- OMPI --- Mojaheddin Khalgh Organization --- Mujahedin-e Khalq (Iran) --- People's Mojahedin's Organization (Iran) --- MEK --- Sazeman Mojahedin Khalgh (Iran) --- Sazeman Mojahedin Khalg Iran --- Iranian People's Combatant Organization --- IPCO --- سازمان مجاهدين خلق (ايران) --- Sazman-i Mujahidin-i Khalq (Iran)

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Drought, lack of access, poor quality ... water supplies are in jeopardy across Africa and the Middle East. These same areas are rife with conflicts involving Islamic extremist groups. Marcus King explores linkages between water stress and violent conflict by looking closely at how ISIS in Syria and Iraq, Boko Haram in Nigeria, and al-Shabaab in Somalia have weaponized water in the pursuit of political ends.

Water-supply --- Islamic fundamentalism --- Fundamentalism, Islamic --- Islamism --- Islam --- Religious fundamentalism --- Availability, Water --- Water availability --- Water resources --- Natural resources --- Public utilities --- Water resources development --- Water utilities --- Political aspects --- Iraq, Nigeria, Somalia, Syria, Boko Haram, ISIS, Al-Shabaab, environmental security, terrorism. --- IS (Organization) --- Shabaab (Organization). --- Al-Shabaab (Organization) --- Al-Shabaab (Somalia) --- Ash-Shabaab (Somalia) --- Harakat al-Shabab al-Mujahideen --- Hizbul Shabaab (Somalia) --- HSM (Somalia) --- Movement of Striving Youth (Somalia) --- Mujahidin al-Shabaab Movement (Somalia) --- Mujahidin Youth Movement (Somalia) --- MYM (Somalia) --- Popular Resistance Movement in the Land of the Two Migrations (Somalia) --- Shabaab (Somalia) --- Shabab (Organization) --- Xarakada Mujaahidiinta Alshabaab (Somalia) --- ISIL (Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant) --- ISIS (Islamic State of Iraq and Syria) --- Daech --- Daeş --- Daesh --- Daʻiş --- Dāʻish --- Daisy --- Dâʼisy al-ʻIrāq wa-asy-Syâm --- Daulah Islamiyah Iraq dan Syam --- Dawlah al-Islāmīyah --- Dawlah al-Islāmiyah fi al-'Irāq wa-al-Shām --- ES --- Estado Islâmico --- Estado Islâmico do Iraque --- Estado Islâmico do Iraque e da Síria --- Estado Islâmico do Iraque e Síria --- IGIL --- IŞİD --- Islamic State --- Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham --- Islamic State of Iraq and Syria --- Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant --- Islamskoe gosudarstvo Iraka i Levanta --- ИГИЛ --- Исламское государство Ирака и Леванта --- داعش --- دولة الإسلامية --- دولة الإسلامية في العراق والشام‎ --- דאעש --- État islamique