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This volume presents the archaeological and epigraphic documentation of 41 Early Dynastic and early Old Kingdom relief slabs from Helwan. It aims at correcting the lack of complete publication and comprehensive information necessary for the systematic study, chronological order, and interpretation of this complex of outstanding importance for the understanding of the art, archaeology, language, funerary beliefs, and society of early Egypt. Chapter 1 summarizes the history of discovery and changing interpretations. Chapter 2 considers the archaeological contexts as to deposition history and chronology. In chapter 3 the material, manufacture, different shapes and styles are discussed. Chapter 4 deals with the actual representations, their internal organisation, iconography, interpretation, and how they compare to contemporary parallels. By means of correspondence analysis, a precise relative chronological framework is established. Chapter 5 provides a commentary and a discussion of the inscriptions. Chapters 6 and 7 consider the overall interpretation of the material. The book ends with a catalogue with descriptions, translations, line drawings, and photographs of each piece.

Fouilles archéologiques --- Tombes --- Monuments funéraires antiques --- Relief (sculpture) égyptien --- Antiquités

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Una miniera di notizie, particolari e dettagli volti a soddisfare ogni curiosità sul mondo funerario romano e, nello specifico, sulla genesi, l’organizzazione e l’amministrazione delle catacombe. Tutto è sempre e rigorosamente corredato da fonti letterarie antiche, da recenti risultati di scavo e innovative ricerche antropologiche, oltre a fondarsi su una onnipresente conferma scientifica fornita dalle innumerevoli epigrafi riportate nel volume sia in latino che con la loro traduzione italiana. Dopo un’ampia e minuziosa digressione sui riti funebri, sulle feste dedicate al culto dei defunti e alle organizzazioni funerarie con i loro lavoratori e professionisti, il volume concentra la sua approfondita spiegazione del fenomeno cimiteriale delle catacombe. E quindi ecco che, addentrandosi negli intricati cunicoli sotterranei, il lettore viene a conoscenza delle motivazioni che indussero a inventare e sfruttare questo singolare sistema cimiteriale. Soprattutto, tramite l’ausilio del dato epigrafico, si offre la possibilità di sapere chi fossero gli utilizzatori delle catacombe, i defunti nella loro immortale testimonianza di vita, da dove essi provenissero, quale mestiere avevano esercitato, quali fossero le loro aspettative di vita, le classi sociali a cui appartenevano; oltre a conoscere i loro pensieri più intimi, gioie e affanni, e le loro credenze e speranze ultramondane. Un’umanità che ci parla senza ipocrisie e infingimenti, una società articolata e poliedrica, così vicina alla nostra pur se separata dai lunghi secoli trascorsi, si mostra e si squaderna davanti ai nostri occhi avidi di curiosità. Un ultimo aspetto va sottolineato per la sua coraggiosa novità; il manuale riserva uno stimolante capitolo alle indagini, purtroppo ancora oggi rare e difficoltose da eseguirsi, sui resti scheletrici rinvenuti nelle catacombe. E qui una messe di informazioni ci inonda. Così veniamo edotti su quali fossero le patologie più comuni, quali le cause del decesso, quale fosse l’aspetto fisico di chi ci ha preceduti, quale fosse la loro alimentazione e mille altri aspetti sorprendenti.

Roma --- Catacombes --- Cimetières --- Monuments funéraires antiques --- Rites et cérémonies funéraires romains. --- Burial --- Catacombs. --- Funeral rites and ceremonies --- Sépulture --- Catacombes. --- History. --- Histoire. --- Catacombs

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Fouilles archéologiques --- Fouilles archéologiques --- Sanctuaires --- Monuments funéraires antiques --- Excavations (Archaeology) --- Shrines. --- Conception et construction --- Balat (Égypte ; site archéologique). --- Balat (Égypte ; site archéologique) --- Dakhla (Égypte ; oasis). --- Balat (Egypt) --- Dakhla Oasis (Egypt) --- Palais des gouverneurs.

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L’importance des rites dans les religions du monde romain est apparue de plus en plus fortement depuis vingt ans, et la nécessité de reconstituer dans le détail le plus précis les gestes du culte s’est imposée à tous. Dans la mesure ou les textes écrits sont incapables de donner ces détails, l’archéologie prend une importance nouvelle. Davantage que l’archéologie des temples, l’archéologie funéraire est précieuse pour ce type d’enquête, car les traces des gestes rituels y sont conservés en contexte primaire. Or l’archéologie funéraire a fait des progrès spectaculaires depuis vingt ans. Elle permet maintenant de saisir dans le détail les rites des funérailles aussi bien que les rites célébrés sur les tombes. Ce volume, qui a été réalisé dans le cadre d’un programme européen, présente un choix d’exemples recueillis en Italie du Nord, à Rome, à Pompéi, en France, au Luxembourg, en Suisse, en Allemagne et en Grande-Bretagne. Toutes ces études illustrent les percées méthodologiques réalisées sur le plan de la fouille et dans la gestion pluridisciplinaire de celle-ci. La collaboration étroite avec les anthropologues physiques, les archéozoologues et palynologues rend désormais possible la reconstitution des gestes funéraires.

Funeral rites and ceremonies --- Funeral rites and ceremonies, Ancient --- Tombs --- Sepulchral monuments --- Burial --- Funérailles --- Tombeaux --- Monuments funéraires --- Sépulture --- Congresses. --- Congresses --- Rites et cérémonies --- Congrès --- Histoire --- Rome --- Religious life and customs --- Antiquities --- Vie religieuse --- Antiquités --- Archaeology --- Methodology --- Funérailles --- Monuments funéraires --- Sépulture --- Rites et cérémonies --- Congrès --- Antiquités --- Excavations (Archaeology) --- Funeral monuments --- Funerary monuments --- Graves --- Gravestones --- Memorial tablets --- Tablets, Memorial --- Tombstones --- Monuments --- Funerals --- Mortuary ceremonies --- Obsequies --- Manners and customs --- Rites and ceremonies --- Cremation --- Dead --- Mourning customs --- Archaeological digs --- Archaeological excavations --- Digs (Archaeology) --- Excavation sites (Archaeology) --- Ruins --- Sites, Excavation (Archaeology) --- Burial customs --- Burying-grounds --- Interment --- Public health --- Coffins --- Grave digging --- Rim --- Roman Empire --- Roman Republic (510-30 B.C.) --- Romi (Empire) --- Byzantine Empire --- Rome (Italy) --- Fouilles archéologiques --- Rites et cérémonies funéraires antiques --- Monuments funéraires antiques --- Inhumation --- Actes de congrès. --- Cryomation --- Fouilles archéologiques. --- Rites et cérémonies funéraires antiques. --- Monuments funéraires antiques. --- Funeral rites and ceremonies - Rome - Congresses --- Sepulchral monuments - Rome - Congresses --- Burial - Rome - Congresses --- Archaeology - Methodology - Congresses --- Rome - Religious life and customs - Congresses --- Rome - Antiquities - Congresses --- Fouilles archéologiques. --- Rites et cérémonies funéraires antiques. --- Monuments funéraires antiques.