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This paper reviews Mongolia’s Economic Growth Support Poverty Reduction Strategy (EGSPRS) Implementation Progress Report 2004. Mongolia’s GDP grew by 5.6 percent in 2003, a fulfillment of the goal set out in the Main Guidelines for Economic and Social Development in 2003 to attain at least 5.2 percent economic growth. In 2003, the economy grew thanks to 1.4 percent increase in the agriculture sector, 0.8 percent in the industrial sector, and 3.4 percent in the service sector. The preliminary estimate for real economic growth in 2004 equals 10.6 percent.

Economic history -- Mongolia. --- Mongolia -- Economic conditions. --- Mongolia -- Economic policy. --- Poverty -- Mongolia. --- Macroeconomics --- Demography --- Poverty and Homelessness --- Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty: General --- Education: General --- Demographic Economics: General --- Labor Economics: General --- Health: General --- Poverty & precarity --- Education --- Population & demography --- Labour --- income economics --- Health economics --- Poverty --- Population and demographics --- Labor --- Health --- Population --- Labor economics --- Mongolia --- Economic history --- Economic conditions. --- Economic policy. --- Income economics

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Some resource-rich developing countries are in the process of harnessing immense mining resources towards inclusive growth and prosperity. Nevertheless, tapping into natural resources could be challenging given the large front-loaded investment, volatile capital flows and exposure to global commodity markets. Public investment is needed to remove the often-large infrastructure gap and unlock the economic potential. However, too rapid fiscal outlays could push the economy to its limit of absorptive capacity and increase macro-financial vulnerabilities. This paper utilizes a structural model-based approach to analyze macroeconomic impacts of different public investment strategies on key fiscal and non-fiscal variables such as debt, consumption, sovereign wealth fund, and real exchange rates. We apply the model to Mongolia and draw policy recommendations from the analysis. We find that fiscal policy adjustment, particularly moderating infrastructure investment and optimizing investment efficiency is needed to maintain macroeconomic and external stability, as well as to boost the long-term sustainable growth for Mongolia.

International finance. --- International Monetary Fund. --- Mongolia -- Economic conditions. --- Mongolia -- Economic policy. --- Business & Economics --- Economic History --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Natural Resources --- Fiscal Policy --- International Lending and Debt Problems --- Exhaustible Resources and Economic Development --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: Infrastructures --- Other Public Investment and Capital Stock --- Debt --- Debt Management --- Sovereign Debt --- Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics --- Environmental and Ecological Economics: General --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Public finance & taxation --- Environmental management --- Public investment spending --- Fiscal consolidation --- Public debt --- Natural resources --- Expenditure --- Fiscal policy --- Environment --- Public investments --- Debts, Public --- Expenditures, Public --- Mongolia

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This paper is based on an IMF staff report prepared in connection with the application of the Mongolian People's Republic (Mongolia) for membership in the International Monetary Fund. It reviews Mongolia's political and economic history, highlighting its changing economic structure following World War II and its recent efforts to introduce market mechanisms.

Economic order --- Economic conditions. Economic development --- Mongolia --- Mixed economy --- Economic conditions --- Economic policy --- -338 <51> --- 338.26 <510> --- MN / Mongolia - Mongolie --- 331.30 --- 37 --- 338.43 --- 305.2 --- 331.33 --- 338.9517 --- 330.05 --- Economy, Mixed --- Third way (Economics) --- Capitalism --- Socialism --- Economische situatie. Economische structuur van bepaalde landen en gebieden. Economische geografie. Economische produktie.economische produkten. Economische diensten--China --- Economische planning. Nationale plannen. Ontwikkelingsplannen. Meerjarenplannen. Plattelandsontwikkeling. Rural development. Kosten-batenanlyse--?<510> --- Economische toestand. --- Geografische economie. Monografieën van streken en landen. --- Regionaal beleid. Industriële ontwikkeling en omschakeling van bepaalde regio's. Nieuwe industrieën. --- Statistieken van de conjunctuur. --- Structureel beleid. Reglementering. Dereglementering. Ordnungspolitik. --- Economic conditions. --- Economic policy. --- Working papers --- 338.26 <510> Economische planning. Nationale plannen. Ontwikkelingsplannen. Meerjarenplannen. Plattelandsontwikkeling. Rural development. Kosten-batenanlyse--?<510> --- 338 <51> Economische situatie. Economische structuur van bepaalde landen en gebieden. Economische geografie. Economische produktie.economische produkten. Economische diensten--China --- 338 <51> --- Statistieken van de conjunctuur --- Economische toestand --- Structureel beleid. Reglementering. Dereglementering. Ordnungspolitik --- Regionaal beleid. Industriële ontwikkeling en omschakeling van bepaalde regio's. Nieuwe industrieën --- Geografische economie. Monografieën van streken en landen --- Mongġol --- 몽골 --- Mongol Uls --- Монгол Улс --- Mongġol Ulus --- Mongolie --- Mongolii︠a︡ --- Монголия --- Mongolei --- BNMAU --- БНМАУ --- Bu̇gd Naĭramdakh Mongol Ard Uls --- Bügd Nayramdah Mongol Ard Uls --- MNR --- МНР --- Mongolʹskai︠a︡ narodnai︠a︡ respublika --- Монгольская народная республика --- Meng-ku jen min kung ho kuo --- Menggu ren min gong he guo --- 蒙古人民共和國 --- Meng-ku --- Menggu --- 蒙古 --- Wai Meng-ku --- Mongolische Volksrepublik --- Mongoru Jimmin Kyōwakoku --- Mongol Népköztársaság --- Outer Mongolia --- Mongolia (Outer Mongolia) --- Mongolian People's Republic --- Mongolia (Mongolian People's Republic) --- République populaire de Mongolie --- Bu̇gd Naĭramdakh Mongol Ard Ulsyn --- Mongolian Republic --- Mongoliet --- モンゴル --- Mongoru --- 外蒙古 --- Gaimōko --- 蒙古人民共和国 --- Mōko Jinmin Kyōwakoku --- モンゴル人民共和国 --- Mongoru Jinmin Kyōwakoku --- Inner Mongolia (China) --- Mixed economy - Mongolia --- Mongolia - Economic conditions --- Mongolia - Economic policy --- Bu̇gu̇de Nayiramdaqu Mongġol Arad Ulus --- Mengguguo --- 蒙古国 --- Wai Menggu --- Budgeting --- Exports and Imports --- Foreign Exchange --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Public Finance --- Demography --- Investments: Commodities --- Trade: General --- Monetary Systems --- Standards --- Regimes --- Government and the Monetary System --- Payment Systems --- Financial Aspects of Economic Integration --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Demographic Economics: General --- Agriculture: General --- International economics --- Monetary economics --- Public finance & taxation --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- Budgeting & financial management --- Investment & securities --- Population & demography --- Currency convertibility --- Monetary unions --- Imports --- Exports --- Expenditure --- Money --- Economic integration --- International trade --- Population and demographics --- Foreign exchange market --- Expenditures, Public --- Population