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Finance -- United States -- History -- 21st century --- Financial crises -- United States -- History -- 21st century --- Global Financial Crisis, 2008-2009 --- Monetary policy -- United States -- History -- 21st century --- Recessions -- United States -- History -- 21st century --- United States -- Economic policy -- 2009 --- -Monetary policy --- Finance --- Recessions --- Financial crises --- Global Financial Crisis, 2008-2009 --- History --- History --- History --- History --- United States --- Economic policy
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Today’s financial system is considerably more complex than in years past, as new financial instruments have been introduced that are not well understood even by the people and institutions that invest in them. Numerous high-risk opportunities are available, and the number of people who unwittingly wander into such ventures seems to grow daily. There is also the realization that people’s lives are affected by the financial system without their overt participation in it. Despite no active participation, pensions can be emasculated by a sudden decline in interest rates, or a rise in rates can increase the monthly payments on a mortgage, credit cards or other debt. This book looks at the history of the American banking system, including the passage of the Federal Reserve Act in 1913, the implementation of deposit insurance, along with certain other provisions of the Glass-Steagall Act of 1933, the Bretton-Woods agreements, the forces of technological innovation and the Dodd-Frank Act, passed by Congress in 2010 for regulatory reform. This book will be of interest to undergraduate and graduate level students that want to gain a broad understanding of how the financial system works, why it is important to the economy as a whole, and what its strengths and weaknesses are. Also, readers should gain an understanding of what the Federal Reserve, other regulators and other central banks are doing, and will be in a position to critique their actions and say with some depth of understanding why they agree or disagree with them.
Banks and banking -- United States -- History. --- Banks and banking. --- Economics. --- Finance. --- Macroeconomics. --- Monetary policy -- United States -- History. --- Monetary policy. --- Money -- United States -- History. --- Finance --- Business & Economics --- Money --- Monetary policy --- History. --- Public finance. --- Macroeconomics/Monetary Economics//Financial Economics. --- Economic Systems. --- Public Economics. --- Political Economy/Economic Systems. --- Cameralistics --- Public finance --- Currency question --- Economic theory --- Political economy --- Social sciences --- Economic man --- Economics --- Economic policy. --- Economic nationalism --- Economic planning --- National planning --- State planning --- Planning --- National security --- Social policy --- Public finances
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Writing in the June 1965 issue of theEconomic Journal, Harry G. Johnson begins with a sentence seemingly calibrated to the scale of the book he set himself to review: "The long-awaited monetary history of the United States by Friedman and Schwartz is in every sense of the term a monumental scholarly achievement--monumental in its sheer bulk, monumental in the definitiveness of its treatment of innumerable issues, large and small . . . monumental, above all, in the theoretical and statistical effort and ingenuity that have been brought to bear on the solution of complex and subtle economic issues." Friedman and Schwartz marshaled massive historical data and sharp analytics to support the claim that monetary policy--steady control of the money supply--matters profoundly in the management of the nation's economy, especially in navigating serious economic fluctuations. In their influential chapter 7, The Great Contraction--which Princeton published in 1965 as a separate paperback--they address the central economic event of the century, the Depression. According to Hugh Rockoff, writing in January 1965: "If Great Depressions could be prevented through timely actions by the monetary authority (or by a monetary rule), as Friedman and Schwartz had contended, then the case for market economies was measurably stronger." Milton Friedman won the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1976 for work related to A Monetary History as well as to his other Princeton University Press book, A Theory of the Consumption Function (1957).
336.7 --- 336.7 Geldwezen. Kredietwezen. Bankwezen. Financien. Monetaire econonomie. Beurswezen --- Geldwezen. Kredietwezen. Bankwezen. Financien. Monetaire econonomie. Beurswezen --- Monetary policy --- Currency question --- Money --- Fiat money --- Free coinage --- Monetary question --- Scrip --- Currency crises --- Finance --- Finance, Public --- Legal tender --- History. --- theorie monetaire --- histoire economique --- eua --- monetaire theorie --- economische geschiedenis --- vsa --- History --- United States --- Money - United States - History --- Currency question - United States - History --- Monetary policy - United States - History --- Monnaie --- Politique monétaire --- Question monétaire --- Histoire.
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Competition among central banks in a monetary union is thought to result in an over issue problem, which has its roots in the view that moneys produced by competitive central banks are perfect substitutes for each other. In the conventional set-up over issue can be overcome by granting a central bank exclusive rights to conduct monetary policy. In this book Mark Toma explores the workings of the early Federal Reserve System as a basis for challenging the conventional wisdom. He is able to show that competition among reserve banks in the 1920s did not result in an issue of Fed money. Rather the main effect of competitive structure was to cause reserve banks to make substantial interest payments to the private banking system in place of transfers to the US government. The book emphasizes the evolution of the Federal Reserve from a competitive to a monopolistic structure.
Federal Reserve banks --- Monetary policy --- History. --- History --- -Monetary policy --- -AA / International- internationaal --- 333.111.0 --- 331.162.21 --- 333.431 --- -Banks and banking, Central --- -332.110973 --- Monetary management --- Economic policy --- Currency boards --- Money supply --- Banks of issue --- Banker's banks --- Banks, Central --- Central banking --- Central banks --- Banks and banking --- -Algemeenheden. Theoretische en beschrijvende studies. Centrale banken. --- Geschiedenis van de centrale banken. --- Monetaire Unies. --- -History --- 332.110973 --- AA / International- internationaal --- Geschiedenis van de centrale banken --- Algemeenheden. Theoretische en beschrijvende studies. Centrale banken --- Monetaire Unies --- Business, Economy and Management --- Economics --- Federal Reserve banks - History. --- Monetary policy - United States - History - 20th century.
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Global Financial Development Report 2013 is the first in a new World Bank series. It provides a unique contribution to financial sector policy debates, building on novel data, surveys, research, and wide-ranging country experience, with emphasis on emerging-market and developing economies. The global financial crisis has challenged conventional thinking on financial sector policies. Launched on the fourth anniversary of the Lehman Brothers collapse-a turning point in the crisis-this volume re-examines a basic question: what is the proper role of the state in financial development? To address the question, this report synthesizes new and existing evidence on the state's performance as financial sector regulator, overseer, promoter, and owner. It calls on state agencies to provide strong regulation and supervision and ensure healthy competition in the sector, and to support financial infrastructure, such as the quality and availability of credit information. It also warns that direct interventions-such as lending by state-owned banks, used in many countries to counteract the crisis-may end up being harmful. The report also tracks financial systems in more than 200 economies before and during the global financial crisis.
Business cycles -- United States -- History -- 21st century. --- Global Financial Crisis, 2008-2009. --- Monetary policy --United States -- History -- 21st century. --- United States -- Economic policy -- 21st century. --- United States -- Politics and government -- 21st century. --- Finance --- Economic policy --- State, The --- Institutional economics --- Banks and banking --- Business & Economics --- Banking --- Government policy --- Economic policy. --- State, The. --- Institutional economics. --- Finance. --- Government policy. --- Funding --- Funds --- Agricultural banks --- Banking industry --- Commercial banks --- Depository institutions --- Administration --- Commonwealth, The --- Economic nationalism --- Economic planning --- National planning --- State planning --- Economics --- Currency question --- Financial institutions --- Money --- Sovereignty --- Political science --- Planning --- National security --- Social policy
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Defense establishments and the armed forces they organize, train, equip, and deploy depend upon the security of capital and capital flows, mechanisms that have become increasingly globalized. Military capabilities are thus closely tied not only to the size of the economic base from which they are drawn, but also to the viability of global convertibility and exchange arrangements. Although the general public has a stake in these economic matters, the interests and interpretive understandings held by policy elites matter most-in particular those among the owners or managers of capital who focus
Dollar, American -- History. --- Foreign exchange -- Europe -- History. --- Foreign exchange -- United States -- History. --- Monetary policy -- Europe -- History. --- Monetary policy -- United States -- History. --- National security -- Economic aspects -- Europe -- History. --- National security -- Economic aspects -- United States -- History. --- National security --- Foreign exchange --- Monetary policy --- Dollar, American --- Business & Economics --- Economic History --- History --- Economic aspects --- Cambistry --- Currency exchange --- Exchange, Foreign --- Foreign currency --- Foreign exchange problem --- Foreign money --- Forex --- FX (Finance) --- International exchange --- International finance --- Currency crises --- National security policy --- NSP (National security policy) --- Security policy, National --- Economic policy --- International relations --- Military policy --- American dollar --- Money --- Government policy --- United States --- Dollar [American] --- Europe
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American monetary policy is formulated by the Federal Reserve and overseen by Congress. Both policy making and oversight are deliberative processes, although the effect of this deliberation has been difficult to quantify. In this book, Cheryl Schonhardt-Bailey provides a systematic examination of deliberation on monetary policy from 1976 to 2008 by the Federal Reserve's Open Market Committee (FOMC) and House and Senate banking committees. Her innovative account employs automated textual analysis software to study the verbatim transcripts of FOMC meetings and congressional hearings; these empirical data are supplemented and supported by in-depth interviews with participants in these deliberations. The automated textual analysis measures the characteristic words, phrases, and arguments of committee members; the interviews offer a way to gauge the extent to which the empirical findings accord with the participants' personal experiences. Analyzing why and under what conditions deliberation matters for monetary policy, the author identifies several strategies of persuasion used by FOMC members, including Paul Volcker's emphasis on policy credibility and efforts to influence economic expectations. Members of Congress, however, constrained by political considerations, show a relative passivity on the details of monetary policy.
Monetary policy --- History --- United States --- Economic policy --- US / United States of America - USA - Verenigde Staten - Etats Unis --- 333.111.0 --- 333.80 --- 331.150 --- 321.2 --- 331.31 --- Algemeenheden. Theoretische en beschrijvende studies. Centrale banken. --- Geld-, bank- en kredietpolitiek. Kapitaalmarkt en -rente: algemeenheden. --- Geschiedenis van het geldwezen: algemeenheden. --- Economisch beleid van de overheid. --- Economisch beleid. --- Algemeenheden. Theoretische en beschrijvende studies. Centrale banken --- Geld-, bank- en kredietpolitiek. Kapitaalmarkt en -rente: algemeenheden --- Geschiedenis van het geldwezen: algemeenheden --- Economisch beleid van de overheid --- Economisch beleid --- Monetary policy - United States - History --- United States - Economic policy
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Money. Monetary policy --- United States --- Monetary policy --- History. --- US / United States of America - USA - Verenigde Staten - Etats Unis --- 331.150 --- 333.110 --- 331.30 --- 331.160 --- 333.820 --- 333.846.0 --- -332.4973 --- Monetary management --- Economic policy --- Currency boards --- Money supply --- Geschiedenis van het geldwezen: algemeenheden. --- Centrale banken en parastatale kredietinstellingen: algemeen. Overheidsbemoeiïng inzake organisatie en verdeling van het krediet. --- Economische toestand. --- Financiële geschiedenis: algemeenheden. --- Geldbeleid, bankbeleid en kredietbeleid: algemeenheden. --- Verband tussen het monetair, bank- en kredietbeleid en de economische ontwikkeling: algemeenheden. --- History --- 332.4973 --- Geschiedenis van het geldwezen: algemeenheden --- Financiële geschiedenis: algemeenheden --- Economische toestand --- Centrale banken en parastatale kredietinstellingen: algemeen. Overheidsbemoeiïng inzake organisatie en verdeling van het krediet --- Geldbeleid, bankbeleid en kredietbeleid: algemeenheden --- Verband tussen het monetair, bank- en kredietbeleid en de economische ontwikkeling: algemeenheden --- Monetary policy - United States - History. --- United States of America
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International finance --- Dollar, American --- Monetary policy --- Finances internationales --- Dollar américain --- Politique monétaire --- History --- Histoire --- 339.74 --- -Dollar, American --- -Monetary policy --- -336.747.1 <73> --- AA / International- internationaal --- US / United States of America - USA - Verenigde Staten - Etats Unis --- 333.432.8 --- 333.453 --- 333.46 --- Monetary management --- Economic policy --- Currency boards --- Money supply --- American dollar --- Money --- International monetary system --- International money --- Finance --- International economic relations --- Monetaire buitenlandse politiek. Deviezenpolitiek --- -History --- -Internationale monetaire organisatie. Internationaal Muntfonds. Algemene leningovereenkomsten. --- Internationale munt. Rekeneenheden. --- Monetaire toestand en evolutie. --- 339.74 Monetaire buitenlandse politiek. Deviezenpolitiek --- Dollar américain --- Politique monétaire --- 336.747.1 <73> --- Internationale monetaire organisatie. Internationaal Muntfonds. Algemene leningovereenkomsten --- Internationale munt. Rekeneenheden --- Monetaire toestand en evolutie --- International finance - History - 20th century --- Dollar, American - History - 20th century --- Monetary policy - United States - History - 20th century
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