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The vast majority of monasteries in Tibet and nearly all of the monasteries in Mongolia belong to the Geluk school of Tibetan Buddhism, best known through its symbolic head, the Dalai Lama. Historically, these monasteries were some of the largest in the world, and even today some Geluk monasteries house thousands of monks, both in Tibet and in exile in India. In Building a Religious Empire, Brenton Sullivan examines the school's expansion and consolidation of power along the frontier with China and Mongolia from the mid-seventeenth through the mid-eighteenth centuries to chart how its rise to dominance took shape.In contrast to the practice in other schools of Tibetan Buddhism, Geluk lamas devoted an extraordinary amount of effort to establishing the institutional frameworks within which everyday aspects of monastic life, such as philosophizing, meditating, or conducting rituals, took place. In doing so, the lamas drew on administrative techniques usually associated with state-making—standardization, record-keeping, the conscription of young males, and the concentration of manpower in central cores, among others—thereby earning the moniker "lama official," or "Buddhist bureaucrat."The deployment of these bureaucratic techniques to extend the Geluk "liberating umbrella" over increasing numbers of lands and peoples leads Sullivan to describe the result of this Geluk project as a "religious empire." The Geluk lamas' privileging of the monastic institution, Sullivan argues, fostered a common religious identity that insulated it from factionalism and provided legitimacy to the Geluk project of conversion, conquest, and expansion. Ultimately, this system succeeded in establishing a relatively uniform and resilient network of thousands of monasteries stretching from Nepal to Lake Baikal, from Beijing to the Caspian Sea.

Buddhist monasteries --- History. --- Monasteries, Buddhist --- Monasteries, Lamaist --- Monasteries --- Buddhist monasticism and religious orders --- Buddhist bureaucrat. --- Buddhist monasteries. --- Dalai Lama. --- Geluk school. --- History of Buddhism. --- Mongolia. --- Nepal. --- lama official.

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In Archaeological and Visual Sources of Meditation in the Ancient Monasteries of Kuča , Angela F. Howard and Giuseppe Vignato use diverse methodological approaches from archaeology, art history and religious studies to reconstruct monastic life and practices in the rock monasteries on the northern Silk Route (ca. 200-650). Analysis of the caves’ function, meditation manuals, and the cave murals highlights the centrality of meditation, a fundamental duty of Kuča monastics. This interdisciplinary study utilizes hitherto unpublished line drawings, maps, and photographs to reconstruct and interpret the architecture and décor of Kuča caves, thus revealing the close links between the spiritual and the physical, between doctrinal teaching and practice and the lay-out and décor of the monasteries.

Buddhist monasteries --- Monastic and religious life (Buddhism) --- Meditation --- Mental prayer --- Prayer, Mental --- Prayer --- Spiritual life --- Contemplation --- Monastic and religious life (Lamaism) --- Buddhist monasticism and religious orders --- Religious life --- Monasteries, Buddhist --- Monasteries, Lamaist --- Monasteries --- History. --- Buddhism

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Die vorliegende Studie bietet im Wesentlichen die Edition und annotierte Übersetzung einer historischen Inschrift in der Versammlungshalle des Klosters Dgung 'phur in Spu rang (Mnga' ris, Westtibet). Die Inschrift behandelt religiöse und politische Ereignisse in der Geschichte Westtibets bis zum Anfang des 17. Jahrhunderts. Der einleitende Teil der Arbeit enthält die Beschreibung der allgemeinen Charakteristika der Inschrift, die Zusammenfassung ihres Inhalts, sowie Überlegungen zu ihrer Datierung und dem in der Inschrift als "Gründer" von Dgung 'phur bezeichneten Mgon po skyabs. This study essentially provides the edition and annotated translation of a historical inscription in the assembly hall of Dgung 'phur Monastery in Spu rang (Mnga' ris, Western Tibet). The inscription deals with religious and political events in the history of Western Tibet up to the beginning of the 17th century. The introductory part of the study includes a description of the inscription's general characteristics, a summary of its contents, an enquiry into its date and a discussion of the magistrate Mgon po skyabs, whom the inscription identifies as the "founder" of Dgung 'phur.

Buddhist monasteries --- Inscriptions, Tibetan. --- Dgung 'phur monastery. --- Tibetan inscriptions --- Monasteries, Buddhist --- Monasteries, Lamaist --- Monasteries --- Buddhist monasticism and religious orders --- Inscriptions, Tibetan --- Dgung 'phur monastery --- Buddhist monasteries - China - Tibet Autonomous Region --- Dgung ’phur Monastery --- Tibet --- Epigraphy --- History --- Buddhism --- Mnga' ris --- Dgung ’phur Kloster --- Epigraphik --- Geschichte --- Buddhismus --- Mnga’ ris --- Dharma --- Tshe

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Buddhist temples --- Buddhist monasteries --- Yang, Xuanzhi, --- Luoyang Region (Henan Sheng, China) --- Description and travel --- Monasteries, Buddhist --- -Temples, Buddhist --- Temples, Lamaist --- Temples --- Buddhist pilgrims and pilgrimages --- Monasteries, Lamaist --- Monasteries --- Buddhist monasticism and religious orders --- Yang, Xuanzhi --- -Description and travel --- -Yang, Xuanzhi --- Temples, Buddhist --- 楊衒之, --- Yang, Hsüan-chih, --- Description and travel. --- Buddhist temples - China - Luoyang Region (Henan Sheng) --- Buddhist monasteries - China - Luoyang Region (Henan Sheng) --- Yang, Xuanzhi, - -555? - Luoyang qie lan ji --- Luoyang Region (Henan Sheng, China) - Description and travel

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"By the tenth century CE, Mount Wutai had become a major pilgrimage site within the emerging culture of a distinctively Chinese Buddhism. Famous as the abode of the bodhisattva Majusri (known for his habit of riding around the mountain on a lion), the site in northeastern China's Shanxi Province was transformed from a wild area, long believed by Daoists to be sacred, into an elaborate complex of Buddhist monasteries. In Building a Sacred Mountain, Wei-Cheng Lin traces the confluence of factors that produced this transformation and argues that monastic architecture, more than texts, icons, relics, or pilgrimages, was the key to Mount Wutai's emergence as a sacred site. Departing from traditional architectural scholarship, Lin's interdisciplinary approach goes beyond the analysis of forms and structures to show how the built environment can work in tandem with practices and discourses to provide a space for encountering the divine.Wei-Cheng Lin is assistant professor of Chinese art history at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. "A well-researched, serious, significant book on fascinating subjects with profound impact on Chinese civilization." - Nancy Steinhardt, University of Pennsylvania"-- "In this interdisciplinary investigation of the architecture of the sacred, Lin traces the confluence of factors that, over a period of several centuries, transformed Mount Wutai in northeastern China's Shanxi Province--a wild area that had long been believed by Daoists to be sacred--into an elaborate complex of Buddhist monasteries. This case study illustrates key steps in the transformation of Buddhism, as the religion's practices, texts, and visual culture evolved from its Indian roots and was adapted to the social milieu and geography of China. By the tenth century C.E., Mount Wutai had become a major Buddhist pilgrimage site, as it was believed to be the abode of the bodhisattva Mañjuśrī (who rode about the mountain on his hallmark lion), and an entire cave (Mogao Cave 61) depicting the wonders of Mount Wutai was constructed in the famous complex of Buddhist caves near Dunhuang, along the Silk Road. Through analysis of texts, visual art, and architecture, Lin shows how the built environment can provide a space for encountering the divine"--

S13A/0365 --- S17/1620 --- China: Religion--Chinese Buddhism: monasteries and temples --- China: Art and archaeology--Religious architecture --- Buddhist architecture --- Buddhist monasteries --- Buddhism and culture --- Art --- History --- Religion --- Asian. --- Asia --- China. --- Buddhism --- History. --- Wutai Mountains (China) --- ART / Asian. --- HISTORY / Asia / China. --- RELIGION / Buddhism / History. --- Architecture, Buddhist --- Religious architecture --- Culture and Buddhism --- Buddhist civilization --- Culture --- Monasteries, Buddhist --- Monasteries, Lamaist --- Monasteries --- Buddhist monasticism and religious orders --- Ri-bo-rtse-lṅa (China Mountains) --- Wu-tʻai Mountains (China) --- Wu-tʻai shan (China : Mountains) --- Wutai Shan (China : Mountains) --- Wutaishan (China : Mountains)