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Polymers --- Crystals --- Polymères --- Cristaux --- Polymères --- Crystalline polymers --- Molecular structure. --- Molecular orientation --- Physical property --- Structure-property relationship

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Plastics --- Matières plastiques --- 678.01:539 --- Plastic materials --- Plastic products --- Polymers --- Synthetic products --- Condensation products (Chemistry) --- Elastomers --- Plasticity --- Properties. Defects. Constitution. Serviceability. Sampling. Analysis. Testing-:-Physical nature of matter --- 678.01:539 Properties. Defects. Constitution. Serviceability. Sampling. Analysis. Testing-:-Physical nature of matter --- POLYMERS --- STRESS, MECHANICAL --- RELAXATION, MECHANICAL --- VISCOELASTICITY --- CONTRACTION (MECHANICAL) --- MOLECULAR ORIENTATION --- TEMPERATURE, LOW --- PROPERTIES

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Sight is the dominant sense of mankind to apprehend the world at the earth scale and beyond the frontiers of the infinite, from the nanometer to the incommensurable. Primarily based on sunlight and natural and artificial light sources, optics has been the major companion of spectroscopy since scientific observation began. The invention of the laser in the early sixties has boosted optical spectroscopy through the intrinsic or specific symmetry electronic properties of materials at the multiscale (birefringence, nonlinear and photonic crystals), revealed by the ability to monitor light polarization inside or on the surface of designed objects. This Special Issue of Symmetry features articles and reviews that are of tremendous interest to scientists who study linear and nonlinear optics, all oriented around the common axis of symmetry. Contributions transverse the entire breadth of this field, including those concerning polarization and anisotropy within colloids of chromophores and metal/semiconducting nanoparticles probed by UV-visible and fluorescence spectroscopies; microscopic structures of liquid–liquid, liquid–gas, and liquid–solid interfaces; surface- and symmetry-specific optical techniques and simulations, including second-harmonic and sum-frequency generations, and surface-enhanced and coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopies; orientation and chirality of bio-molecular interfaces; symmetry breaking in photochemistry; symmetric multipolar molecules; reversible electronic energy transfer within supramolecular systems; plasmonics; and light polarization effects in materials.

symmetry breaking --- chiral plasmonics --- non-linear optics --- plasmonic devices --- plasmonic sensing --- plasmonics --- LSPR scattering --- polarisation manipulation --- metamaterials --- Faraday effect (rotation) --- magneto-optic Kerr effect (MOKE) --- magnetoplasmonics --- molecular orientation --- spectral unmixing --- infrared absorption --- visible-infrared sum-frequency generation --- Raman scattering --- linear programming --- centrosymmetry --- spectroscopy --- selection rules --- infrared --- Raman --- sum-frequency generation --- interfaces --- molecules --- nanoparticles --- molecular aggregates --- second harmonic generation --- hyper rayleigh scattering --- second harmonic scattering --- light polarizatio --- quantum dots --- phenyl derivative --- UV–Visible spectroscopy --- sum-frequency generation spectroscopy --- dipole–dipole interaction --- polyoxometalates --- donor/acceptor substituents --- first hyperpolarizability --- (time-dependent) DFT --- n/a --- UV-Visible spectroscopy --- dipole-dipole interaction

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The analysis of polymer processing operations is a wide and complex subject; during polymer processing, viscoelastic fluids are forced to deform into desired geometries using non-homogeneous velocity and temperature fields down to solidification. The objective of analysis is the identification of processing conditions, which are finalized in the optimization of product final properties, which, in turn, are determined by the final part morphology. Depending on the operating conditions, the properties of the final part can change more than one order of magnitude. Properties of interest include the mechanical, optical, barrier, permeability, and biodegradability, and any other property of practical relevance including the characteristics of the surfaces as its finishing and wettability, which are connected to one another. The scope of this Special Issue is to select progress in or reviews of the understanding/description of the phenomena involved along the chain of processing–morphology–properties. Along this virtual chain, modeling may be a useful approach, and within the objective of understanding fundamental aspects, it may also be relevant to compare selected characteristics of the process and the material with the characteristics of the resulting morphology and then with the properties of the final part. This approach suggests the title: “Polymer Processing: Modeling and Correlations Finalized to Tailoring the Plastic Part Morphology and Properties”.

History of engineering & technology --- “skin-core-skin” structure --- flow-induced crystallization --- multiscale simulation --- crystal morphology --- additive manufacturing --- fused filament fabrication --- material extrusion --- 3D-printing --- highly-filled polymers --- metals and ceramics --- cellulose insulation pressboard --- magnetron sputtering --- polytetrafluoroethylene --- nano structure --- breakdown --- hydrophobicity --- replication --- microfeature --- nanofeature --- injection molding --- polylactic acid --- mold temperature --- epoxy --- natural fiber composites --- silk fibers --- extrusion --- four-screw extruder --- finite-time Lyapunov exponents (FTLE) --- Poincaré section --- chaotic manifold --- uniaxial/biaxial stretching --- retardation --- birefringence --- molecular orientation --- stress-optical rule --- polymeric stent --- residual stress --- warpage --- kriging surrogate model --- design optimization --- morphology --- cylindrites --- numerical simulation --- morphology prediction --- shear layer --- twin screw extruder --- simulation --- residence time distribution --- PP/TiO2 nanocomposites --- conversion --- laser-assisted thermal imprinting --- pressure --- pattern size --- thermoplastic polymer --- microlens array --- microinjection molding --- film stretching --- composite laminates --- “skin-core-skin” structure --- flow-induced crystallization --- multiscale simulation --- crystal morphology --- additive manufacturing --- fused filament fabrication --- material extrusion --- 3D-printing --- highly-filled polymers --- metals and ceramics --- cellulose insulation pressboard --- magnetron sputtering --- polytetrafluoroethylene --- nano structure --- breakdown --- hydrophobicity --- replication --- microfeature --- nanofeature --- injection molding --- polylactic acid --- mold temperature --- epoxy --- natural fiber composites --- silk fibers --- extrusion --- four-screw extruder --- finite-time Lyapunov exponents (FTLE) --- Poincaré section --- chaotic manifold --- uniaxial/biaxial stretching --- retardation --- birefringence --- molecular orientation --- stress-optical rule --- polymeric stent --- residual stress --- warpage --- kriging surrogate model --- design optimization --- morphology --- cylindrites --- numerical simulation --- morphology prediction --- shear layer --- twin screw extruder --- simulation --- residence time distribution --- PP/TiO2 nanocomposites --- conversion --- laser-assisted thermal imprinting --- pressure --- pattern size --- thermoplastic polymer --- microlens array --- microinjection molding --- film stretching --- composite laminates

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The analysis of polymer processing operations is a wide and complex subject; during polymer processing, viscoelastic fluids are forced to deform into desired geometries using non-homogeneous velocity and temperature fields down to solidification. The objective of analysis is the identification of processing conditions, which are finalized in the optimization of product final properties, which, in turn, are determined by the final part morphology. Depending on the operating conditions, the properties of the final part can change more than one order of magnitude. Properties of interest include the mechanical, optical, barrier, permeability, and biodegradability, and any other property of practical relevance including the characteristics of the surfaces as its finishing and wettability, which are connected to one another. The scope of this Special Issue is to select progress in or reviews of the understanding/description of the phenomena involved along the chain of processing–morphology–properties. Along this virtual chain, modeling may be a useful approach, and within the objective of understanding fundamental aspects, it may also be relevant to compare selected characteristics of the process and the material with the characteristics of the resulting morphology and then with the properties of the final part. This approach suggests the title: “Polymer Processing: Modeling and Correlations Finalized to Tailoring the Plastic Part Morphology and Properties”.

“skin-core-skin” structure --- flow-induced crystallization --- multiscale simulation --- crystal morphology --- additive manufacturing --- fused filament fabrication --- material extrusion --- 3D-printing --- highly-filled polymers --- metals and ceramics --- cellulose insulation pressboard --- magnetron sputtering --- polytetrafluoroethylene --- nano structure --- breakdown --- hydrophobicity --- replication --- microfeature --- nanofeature --- injection molding --- polylactic acid --- mold temperature --- epoxy --- natural fiber composites --- silk fibers --- extrusion --- four-screw extruder --- finite-time Lyapunov exponents (FTLE) --- Poincaré section --- chaotic manifold --- uniaxial/biaxial stretching --- retardation --- birefringence --- molecular orientation --- stress-optical rule --- polymeric stent --- residual stress --- warpage --- kriging surrogate model --- design optimization --- morphology --- cylindrites --- numerical simulation --- morphology prediction --- shear layer --- twin screw extruder --- simulation --- residence time distribution --- PP/TiO2 nanocomposites --- conversion --- laser-assisted thermal imprinting --- pressure --- pattern size --- thermoplastic polymer --- microlens array --- microinjection molding --- film stretching --- composite laminates