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La plupart des matériaux qui nous entourent présentent un désordre et des hétérogénéités de tailles très variables. La Science et le Génie de ces systèmes font l’objet de cet ouvrage qui s’adresse à un large public. Une simple moyenne ne suffit souvent pas, le plus souvent, pour rendre compte des effets du désordre, qui nécessite des approches théoriques examinées brièvement dans la première partie. Nous décrivons par la suite diverses classes de matériaux désordonnés en commençant par l’étude géométrique et mécanique des milieux granulaires qui servent de modèle de référence des effets du désordre, et qui interviennent, de plus, dans de nombreux systèmes rencontrés dans la nature et des domaines d’applications. L’étude des milieux poreux et des suspensions prend en compte l’existence de phases fluides entre les grains dans une approche mixte mécanique et hydrodynamique. Le désordre conduit à des propriétés d’évolution temporelle lente (vieillissement). Nous examinons les caractéristiques physicochimiques de plusieurs classes de matériaux désordonnés qui présentent ces caractéristiques : les mousses, les matériaux colloïdaux (la « matière molle »), et les verres dont le statut intermédiaire entre solide et liquide n’est pas totalement compris. Des annexes précisent des notions fondamentales de base communes à ces systèmes. Avec les contributions de Laurence Bergougnoux, Isabelle Cantat, Michel Cloitre, Renaud Delaunay, Jean Yves Delenne, Yoël Forterre, Elisabeth Guazzelli, Alex Hansen, Walter Kob, Jérome Lambert, Véronique Lazarus, Roger Maynard, Olivier Pouliquen, Fahrang Radjai et Dominique Salin.

Amorphous substances. --- Order-disorder models. --- Physics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Atomic Physics --- Disorder models --- Models, Order-disorder --- Matter

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Fluctuations (Physics) --- -Order-disorder models --- -Phase transformations (Statistical physics) --- -536 --- Disorder models --- Models, Order-disorder --- Matter --- Congresses --- Heat. Thermodynamics --- Order-disorder models --- Phase transformations (Statistical physics) --- Congresses. --- 536 Heat. Thermodynamics --- 536 --- Transitions de phases. --- Fluctuations (physique) --- Ordre et désordre (physique)

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Order-disorder models. --- Matter --- Constitution. --- Order-disorder models --- Modèles ordre-désordre --- Disorder models --- Models, Order-disorder --- -Constitution --- Modèles ordre-désordre --- Mechanical properties of solids --- Constitution of matter --- Corpuscular theory of matter --- Constitution --- Matière --- Structure --- Matter - Constitution.

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Electronics and optics of solids --- 538.91 --- Electron-electron interactions --- Order-disorder models --- 538.93 --- Disorder models --- Models, Order-disorder --- Matter --- Interactions, Electron-electron --- Electrons --- Lepton interactions --- Structures, including transitions --- Transport processes (except in quantum liquids and solids) --- 538.91 Structures, including transitions --- 538.93 Transport processes (except in quantum liquids and solids)

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This self-contained text introduces the physics of structurally disordered condensed systems at the level of advanced undergraduate and graduate students. Among the topics are the geometry and symmetries of the structural units used as building blocks of extended structures, the various kinds of disorder, the phenomenology and the main theories of the glass transition, the structure of amorphous systems and the techniques to investigate it, the evolution of system's structure with its size (clusters) and the presence of orientational order in the absence of translational order (quasicrystals). In the second edition, the treatment of the mode coupling theory of the glass transition has been enlarged and connects now to a new section on collective excitations in disordered systems. Special attention has been devoted to nanometer-sized disordered systems, with emphasis on cluster-assembled materials. Questions of what governs the occurrence and stability of quasicrystals, the features of the amorphous to quasicrystal transformation and its reverse transition are discussed. The conditions leading to nano-quasicrystalline phases of technological interest are examined. Throughout the text relevant recent experimental and theoretical results are discussed so as to give readers insight into the currently most vibrant research topics. From the reviews of the first edition: "The text is clearly presented, amply illustrated and has approximately 45 references with an equivalent amount of further reading [...] it provides a fresh viewpoint which makes it well worth careful reading... [and] provides a stimulating and novel coverage of a difficult subject area." Glass Technology.

Order-disorder models. --- Amorphous substances. --- Modèles ordre-désordre --- Substances amorphes --- Order-disorder models --- Amorphous substances --- Atomic Physics --- Physics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Disorder models --- Models, Order-disorder --- Physics. --- Physical chemistry. --- Atoms. --- Condensed matter. --- Crystallography. --- Phase transitions (Statistical physics). --- Engineering. --- Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Plasma Physics. --- Condensed Matter Physics. --- Physical Chemistry. --- Phase Transitions and Multiphase Systems. --- Engineering, general. --- Matter