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Model-based reasoning

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Philosophy of science --- Creative ability in science. --- Model-based reasoning. --- Discoveries in science. --- Creative ability in science --- Discoveries in science --- Model-based reasoning --- Reasoning --- Breakthroughs, Scientific --- Discoveries, Scientific --- Scientific breakthroughs --- Scientific discoveries --- Research --- Scientific creativity --- Science --- Methodology

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Competence in scientific reasoning is one of the most valued outcomes of secondary and higher education. However, there is a need for a deeper understanding of and further research into the roles of domain-general and domain-specific knowledge in such reasoning. This book explores the functions and limitations of domain-general conceptions of reasoning and argumentation, the substantial differences that exist between the disciplines, and the role of domain-specific knowledge and epistemologies. Featuring chapters and commentaries by widely cited experts in the learning sciences, educational psychology, science education, history education, and cognitive science, Scientific Reasoning and Argumentation presents new perspectives on a decades-long debate about the role of domain-specific knowledge and its contribution to the development of more general reasoning abilities.

Cognitive science --- Education, Higher --- Educational psychology --- Higher Education --- Learning, Psychology of --- Theories of Learning --- Clark A Chinn --- Cognitive Science --- Deep Learning --- Disciplinary Frameworks --- Educational Psychology --- Epistemologies --- Frank Fischer --- Generic Skills --- Interplay Of Domain-Specific And Domain-General Aspects Of Scientific Reasoning And Argumentation Skills --- Jonathan Osborne --- Katharina Engelmann --- Knowledge --- Learning Sciences --- Model-Based Reasoning --- Science Education --- Specialized Skills --- Critical thinking --- Reasoning --- Science --- Methodology

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This book discusses how scientific and other types of cognition make use of models, abduction, and explanatory reasoning in order to produce important or creative changes in theories and concepts. It includes revised contributions presented during the international conference on Model-Based Reasoning (MBR’015), held on June 25-27 in Sestri Levante, Italy. The book is divided into three main parts, the first of which focuses on models, reasoning and representation. It highlights key theoretical concepts from an applied perspective, addressing issues concerning information visualization, experimental methods and design. The second part goes a step further, examining abduction, problem solving and reasoning. The respective contributions analyze different types of reasoning, discussing various concepts of inference and creativity and their relationship with experimental data. In turn, the third part reports on a number of historical, epistemological and technological issues. By analyzing possible contradictions in modern research and describing representative case studies in experimental research, this part aims at fostering new discussions and stimulating new ideas. All in all, the book provides researchers and graduate students in the field of applied philosophy, epistemology, cognitive science and artificial intelligence alike with an authoritative snapshot of current theories and applications of model-based reasoning. .

Philosophy. --- Epistemology. --- Logic. --- Artificial intelligence. --- Computational intelligence. --- Computational Intelligence. --- Artificial Intelligence (incl. Robotics). --- Philosophy --- Model-based reasoning --- Intelligence, Computational --- Artificial intelligence --- Soft computing --- AI (Artificial intelligence) --- Artificial thinking --- Electronic brains --- Intellectronics --- Intelligence, Artificial --- Intelligent machines --- Machine intelligence --- Thinking, Artificial --- Bionics --- Cognitive science --- Digital computer simulation --- Electronic data processing --- Logic machines --- Machine theory --- Self-organizing systems --- Simulation methods --- Fifth generation computers --- Neural computers --- Argumentation --- Deduction (Logic) --- Deductive logic --- Dialectic (Logic) --- Logic, Deductive --- Intellect --- Psychology --- Science --- Reasoning --- Thought and thinking --- Epistemology --- Theory of knowledge --- Mental philosophy --- Humanities --- Methodology --- Genetic epistemology. --- Engineering. --- Artificial Intelligence. --- Construction --- Industrial arts --- Technology --- Developmental psychology --- Knowledge, Theory of

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This book is an excellent, helpful and up-to-date resource for all candidates preparing for the ISTQB Foundation Level certification exam based on the new Foundation Level 2018 Syllabus. Although there are plenty of sample questions and information related to the Foundation Level exam on the web, there are two problems with these: Firstly, most of them will soon be outdated, as the old syllabus and exams are going to be retracted in June 2019. Secondly, much of what is available is of poor quality, since many of the sample questions do not follow the strict ISTQB examination rules. This book stands out from other ISTQB-related works through a number of special features: Topicality: The material complies with the latest version of the Foundation Level syllabus published in 2018. Quality and originality: The exam questions are original, not redundant, of high quality, fully aligned with the ISTQB exam requirements and have not been published before. Huge amount of material: It includes 5 full sample exams (200 questions in total) designed in accordance with the ISTQB exam rules, and with the appropriate distribution of questions regarding the learning objectives and K-levels. Well-thought-out sample questions: The questions not only appropriately cover the corresponding learning objectives (LOs), but also to show the typical pitfalls. Diversity: The questions from various sample exams related to the same LO are diversified, that is, each of them points out different aspects of a given LO. This is an excellent method for better and more effective learning and preparing for the exam. Comprehensive, intelligible explanations: All answers are justified and there are detailed and easy-to-understand explanations not only of why a given answer is correct, but also why all the others are wrong. A lot of bonus material: The book includes a great bonus pack: chapters that explain the white-box and black-box test techniques in a detailed way, a set of exercises on test techniques and the detailed solutions to them, and much more.

Computer software --- Model-based reasoning --- Testing --- Examinations --- International Software Testing Qualifications Board. --- Software engineering. --- Computer industry. --- Computer software. --- Education. --- Software Engineering. --- The Computing Profession. --- Professional Computing. --- Computers and Education. --- Children --- Education, Primitive --- Education of children --- Human resource development --- Instruction --- Pedagogy --- Schooling --- Students --- Youth --- Civilization --- Learning and scholarship --- Mental discipline --- Schools --- Teaching --- Training --- Software, Computer --- Computer systems --- Electronic industries --- Computer software engineering --- Engineering --- Education --- Computers. --- Education—Data processing. --- Automatic computers --- Automatic data processors --- Computer hardware --- Computing machines (Computers) --- Electronic brains --- Electronic calculating-machines --- Electronic computers --- Hardware, Computer --- Cybernetics --- Machine theory --- Calculators --- Cyberspace