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This is an advanced 2001 textbook on modal logic, a field which caught the attention of computer scientists in the late 1970s. Researchers in areas ranging from economics to computational linguistics have since realised its worth. The book is for novices and for more experienced readers, with two distinct tracks clearly signposted at the start of each chapter. The development is mathematical; prior acquaintance with first-order logic and its semantics is assumed, and familiarity with the basic mathematical notions of set theory is required. The authors focus on the use of modal languages as tools to analyze the properties of relational structures, including their algorithmic and algebraic aspects, and applications to issues in logic and computer science such as completeness, computability and complexity are considered. Three appendices supply basic background information and numerous exercises are provided. Ideal for anyone wanting to learn modern modal logic.
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"Modality - the question of what is possible and what is necessary - is a fundamental area of philosophy and philosophical research. The Routledge Handbook of Modality is an outstanding reference source to the key topics, problems and debates in this exciting subject and is the first collection of its kind. Comprising thirty-five chapters by a team of international contributors the Handbook is divided into seven clear parts: worlds and modality; essentialism, ontological dependence, and modality; modal anti-realism; epistemology of modality; modality in science; modality in logic and mathematics; modality in the history of philosophy. Within these sections the central issues, debates and problems are examined, including possible worlds, essentialism, counterfactuals, ontological dependence, modal fictionalism, deflationism, the integration challenge, conceivability, a priori knowledge, laws of nature, natural kinds, and logical necessity. The Routledge Handbook of Modality is essential reading for students and researchers in epistemology, metaphysics and philosophy of language. It will also be very useful for those in related fields in philosophy such as philosophy of mathematics, logic and philosophy of science."--
Modality (Logic) --- Modality (Theory of knowledge) --- Grammar --- Modalitat (Lògica) --- Teoria del coneixement
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This open access book is the first ever collection of Karl Popper's writings on deductive logic. Karl R. Popper (1902-1994) was one of the most influential philosophers of the 20th century. His philosophy of science ("falsificationism") and his social and political philosophy ("open society") have been widely discussed way beyond academic philosophy. What is not so well known is that Popper also produced a considerable work on the foundations of deductive logic, most of it published at the end of the 1940s as articles at scattered places. This little-known work deserves to be known better, as it is highly significant for modern proof-theoretic semantics. This collection assembles Popper's published writings on deductive logic in a single volume, together with all reviews of these papers. It also contains a large amount of unpublished material from the Popper Archives, including Popper's correspondence related to deductive logic and manuscripts that were (almost) finished, but did not reach the publication stage. All of these items are critically edited with additional comments by the editors. A general introduction puts Popper's work into the context of current discussions on the foundations of logic. This book should be of interest to logicians, philosophers, and anybody concerned with Popper's work.
Logic --- Popper, Karl --- Lògica --- Argumentació --- Dialèctica (Lògica) --- Lògica deductiva --- Filosofia --- Intel·ligència --- Psicologia --- Abstracció --- Alteritat (Filosofia) --- Categories (Filosofia) --- Certesa --- Condicionals (Lògica) --- Definició (Lògica) --- Dilema --- Evidència --- Hipòtesi --- Inconsistència (Lògica) --- Inducció (Lògica) --- Intenció (Lògica) --- Judici lògic --- Lògica deòntica --- Metodologia --- Modalitat (Lògica) --- Nominalisme --- Positivisme lògic --- Probabilitats --- Raó suficient --- Sil·logisme --- Sofismes --- Teoria del coneixement --- Universals (Filosofia) --- Metodologia de la ciència --- Pensament --- Raonament --- Karl R. Popper --- Deductive Logic --- Logical Constants --- Proof-theoretic Semantics --- Classical Logic --- Non-classical Logic --- Inferential Definitions --- Mathematical Logic --- Negation --- Modalities --- History of Logic --- L.E.J. Brouwer --- Paul Bernays --- Rudolf Carnap --- Alonzo Church --- Kalman Joseph Cohen --- Henry George Forder --- Harold Jeffreys --- Stephen Cole Kleene
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This open access book is the first ever collection of Karl Popper's writings on deductive logic. Karl R. Popper (1902-1994) was one of the most influential philosophers of the 20th century. His philosophy of science ("falsificationism") and his social and political philosophy ("open society") have been widely discussed way beyond academic philosophy. What is not so well known is that Popper also produced a considerable work on the foundations of deductive logic, most of it published at the end of the 1940s as articles at scattered places. This little-known work deserves to be known better, as it is highly significant for modern proof-theoretic semantics. This collection assembles Popper's published writings on deductive logic in a single volume, together with all reviews of these papers. It also contains a large amount of unpublished material from the Popper Archives, including Popper's correspondence related to deductive logic and manuscripts that were (almost) finished, but did not reach the publication stage. All of these items are critically edited with additional comments by the editors. A general introduction puts Popper's work into the context of current discussions on the foundations of logic. This book should be of interest to logicians, philosophers, and anybody concerned with Popper's work.
Lògica --- Argumentació --- Dialèctica (Lògica) --- Lògica deductiva --- Filosofia --- Intel·ligència --- Psicologia --- Abstracció --- Alteritat (Filosofia) --- Categories (Filosofia) --- Certesa --- Condicionals (Lògica) --- Definició (Lògica) --- Dilema --- Evidència --- Hipòtesi --- Inconsistència (Lògica) --- Inducció (Lògica) --- Intenció (Lògica) --- Judici lògic --- Lògica deòntica --- Metodologia --- Modalitat (Lògica) --- Nominalisme --- Positivisme lògic --- Probabilitats --- Raó suficient --- Sil·logisme --- Sofismes --- Teoria del coneixement --- Universals (Filosofia) --- Metodologia de la ciència --- Pensament --- Raonament --- Karl R. Popper --- Deductive Logic --- Logical Constants --- Proof-theoretic Semantics --- Classical Logic --- Non-classical Logic --- Inferential Definitions --- Mathematical Logic --- Negation --- Modalities --- History of Logic --- L.E.J. Brouwer --- Paul Bernays --- Rudolf Carnap --- Alonzo Church --- Kalman Joseph Cohen --- Henry George Forder --- Harold Jeffreys --- Stephen Cole Kleene --- Logic. --- Mathematical logic. --- Language and languages --- Mathematical Logic and Foundations. --- Stylistics. --- Style. --- Linguostylistics --- Stylistics --- Literary style --- Algebra of logic --- Logic, Universal --- Mathematical logic --- Symbolic and mathematical logic --- Symbolic logic --- Mathematics --- Algebra, Abstract --- Metamathematics --- Set theory --- Syllogism --- Argumentation --- Deduction (Logic) --- Deductive logic --- Dialectic (Logic) --- Logic, Deductive --- Intellect --- Philosophy --- Psychology --- Science --- Reasoning --- Thought and thinking --- Methodology
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Logic --- History. --- Lògica --- Història --- Ciències socials --- Humanitats --- Ciències polítiques --- Conspiracions --- Cops d'Estat --- Cròniques --- Cronologia --- Demografia històrica --- Descobriments geogràfics --- Diplomàcia --- Escàndols --- Filosofia de la història --- Fonts històriques --- Història antiga --- Història constitucional --- Història contemporània --- Història de l'antropologia --- Història de l'art --- Història de l'urbanisme --- Història de la ciència --- Història de la civilització --- Història de la dona --- Història de la filosofia --- Història de la lingüística --- Història de la literatura --- Història de la psicologia --- Història de la tecnologia --- Història de la veterinària --- Història de les biblioteques --- Història del dret --- Història del llibre --- Història del transport --- Història eclesiàstica --- Història econòmica --- Història local --- Història medieval --- Història militar --- Història moderna --- Història pública --- Història social --- Història universal --- Historiografia --- Llocs històrics --- Migració de pobles --- Reis i sobirans --- Cinema històric --- Protohistòria --- Sociologia històrica --- Ciències auxiliars de la història --- Didàctica de la història --- Historiadores --- Historiadors --- Previsió --- Argumentació --- Dialèctica (Lògica) --- Lògica deductiva --- Filosofia --- Intel·ligència --- Psicologia --- Abstracció --- Alteritat (Filosofia) --- Categories (Filosofia) --- Certesa --- Condicionals (Lògica) --- Definició (Lògica) --- Dilema --- Evidència --- Hipòtesi --- Inconsistència (Lògica) --- Inducció (Lògica) --- Intenció (Lògica) --- Judici lògic --- Lògica deòntica --- Metodologia --- Modalitat (Lògica) --- Nominalisme --- Positivisme lògic --- Probabilitats --- Raó suficient --- Sil·logisme --- Sofismes --- Teoria del coneixement --- Universals (Filosofia) --- Metodologia de la ciència --- Pensament --- Raonament
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The book you have just opened is probably unlike anything you have ever read so far. It offers you a path to direct contact with “The Art of War”, the masterpiece of Sun Tzu, a classical theorist of warfare in Ancient China. This book examines an ancient Chinese work on strategy and warfare: Sun Tzu, “The Art of War”, from the perspectives of logic, mathematics, and computer science. Sun Tzu’s book has been studied and translated many times before, with viewpoints from historians, military- and business strategists, philosophers, and in the context of modern computer strategy games. This book takes a new approach to study this 2500-year-old text. It uses modern mind mapping techniques to show a new dimension that uncovers meaning and structure not easily seen before. Mind maps are semantic diagrams of related concepts: they are used in this book in a restricted form, defined as Text Tree Mind Maps. A chapter covering the theoretical side of diagramming ancient text, explains the making of the mind maps used in this book and why showing old text in this way is so useful. .
Lògica --- Processament de dades --- Sunzi, --- Processament de dades electròniques --- Processament automàtic de dades --- Processament electrònic de dades --- Processament integrat de dades --- Sistematització de dades (Ordinadors) --- Tractament de dades --- Tractament electrònic de dades --- Tractament integrat de dades --- Automatització --- Informàtica --- Complexitat computacional --- Curació de dades --- Depuració (Informàtica) --- Estructures de dades (Informàtica) --- Gestió de bases de dades --- Informàtica mòbil --- Informàtica recreativa --- Intel·ligència artificial --- Sistemes en línia --- Temps real (Informàtica) --- Tractament del llenguatge natural (Informàtica) --- Processament òptic de dades --- Protecció de dades --- Transmissió de dades --- Tolerància als errors (Informàtica) --- Argumentació --- Dialèctica (Lògica) --- Lògica deductiva --- Filosofia --- Intel·ligència --- Psicologia --- Abstracció --- Alteritat (Filosofia) --- Categories (Filosofia) --- Certesa --- Condicionals (Lògica) --- Definició (Lògica) --- Dilema --- Evidència --- Hipòtesi --- Inconsistència (Lògica) --- Inducció (Lògica) --- Intenció (Lògica) --- Judici lògic --- Lògica deòntica --- Metodologia --- Modalitat (Lògica) --- Nominalisme --- Positivisme lògic --- Probabilitats --- Raó suficient --- Sil·logisme --- Sofismes --- Teoria del coneixement --- Universals (Filosofia) --- Metodologia de la ciència --- Pensament --- Raonament --- Sun-tzu, --- Sun zi Wu, --- Sun, Ze, --- Wu, Sun, --- Wu, Sun Tzu, --- Ze, Sun, --- Sunzi --- Tzu, Sun --- Sun Tzu --- Logic. --- Argumentation --- Deduction (Logic) --- Deductive logic --- Dialectic (Logic) --- Logic, Deductive --- Intellect --- Philosophy --- Psychology --- Science --- Reasoning --- Thought and thinking --- Methodology --- Historical linguistics. --- China—History. --- Historical Linguistics. --- History of China. --- Diachronic linguistics --- Dynamic linguistics --- Evolutionary linguistics --- Language and languages --- Language and history --- Linguistics --- History
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The book you have just opened is probably unlike anything you have ever read so far. It offers you a path to direct contact with “The Art of War”, the masterpiece of Sun Tzu, a classical theorist of warfare in Ancient China. This book examines an ancient Chinese work on strategy and warfare: Sun Tzu, “The Art of War”, from the perspectives of logic, mathematics, and computer science. Sun Tzu’s book has been studied and translated many times before, with viewpoints from historians, military- and business strategists, philosophers, and in the context of modern computer strategy games. This book takes a new approach to study this 2500-year-old text. It uses modern mind mapping techniques to show a new dimension that uncovers meaning and structure not easily seen before. Mind maps are semantic diagrams of related concepts: they are used in this book in a restricted form, defined as Text Tree Mind Maps. A chapter covering the theoretical side of diagramming ancient text, explains the making of the mind maps used in this book and why showing old text in this way is so useful. .
Logic. --- Historical linguistics. --- China—History. --- Historical Linguistics. --- History of China. --- Argumentation --- Deduction (Logic) --- Deductive logic --- Dialectic (Logic) --- Logic, Deductive --- Intellect --- Philosophy --- Psychology --- Science --- Reasoning --- Thought and thinking --- Diachronic linguistics --- Dynamic linguistics --- Evolutionary linguistics --- Language and languages --- Language and history --- Linguistics --- Methodology --- History --- Lògica --- Processament de dades --- Sunzi, --- Processament de dades electròniques --- Processament automàtic de dades --- Processament electrònic de dades --- Processament integrat de dades --- Sistematització de dades (Ordinadors) --- Tractament de dades --- Tractament electrònic de dades --- Tractament integrat de dades --- Automatització --- Informàtica --- Complexitat computacional --- Curació de dades --- Depuració (Informàtica) --- Estructures de dades (Informàtica) --- Gestió de bases de dades --- Informàtica mòbil --- Informàtica recreativa --- Intel·ligència artificial --- Sistemes en línia --- Temps real (Informàtica) --- Tractament del llenguatge natural (Informàtica) --- Processament òptic de dades --- Protecció de dades --- Transmissió de dades --- Tolerància als errors (Informàtica) --- Argumentació --- Dialèctica (Lògica) --- Lògica deductiva --- Filosofia --- Intel·ligència --- Psicologia --- Abstracció --- Alteritat (Filosofia) --- Categories (Filosofia) --- Certesa --- Condicionals (Lògica) --- Definició (Lògica) --- Dilema --- Evidència --- Hipòtesi --- Inconsistència (Lògica) --- Inducció (Lògica) --- Intenció (Lògica) --- Judici lògic --- Lògica deòntica --- Metodologia --- Modalitat (Lògica) --- Nominalisme --- Positivisme lògic --- Probabilitats --- Raó suficient --- Sil·logisme --- Sofismes --- Teoria del coneixement --- Universals (Filosofia) --- Metodologia de la ciència --- Pensament --- Raonament --- Sun-tzu, --- Sun zi Wu, --- Sun, Ze, --- Wu, Sun, --- Wu, Sun Tzu, --- Ze, Sun, --- Sunzi --- Tzu, Sun --- Sun Tzu --- China --- History.
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