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Energy of knots is a theory that was introduced to create a "canonical configuration" of a knot - a beautiful knot which represents its knot type. This book introduces several kinds of energies, and studies the problem of whether or not there is a "canonical configuration" of a knot in each knot type. It also considers this problems in the context of conformal geometry. The energies presented in the book are defined geometrically. They measure the complexity of embeddings and have applications to physical knotting and unknotting through numerical experiments.
Contents:
Knot theory. --- Conformal geometry. --- Circular geometry --- Geometry of inverse radii --- Inverse radii, Geometry of --- Inversion geometry --- Möbius geometry --- Geometry --- Knots (Topology) --- Low-dimensional topology
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Conformal invariants (conformally invariant tensors, conformally covariant differential operators, conformal holonomy groups etc.) are of central significance in differential geometry and physics. Well-known examples of conformally covariant operators are the Yamabe, the Paneitz, the Dirac and the twistor operator. These operators are intimely connected with the notion of Branson’s Q-curvature. The aim of these lectures is to present the basic ideas and some of the recent developments around Q -curvature and conformal holonomy. The part on Q -curvature starts with a discussion of its origins and its relevance in geometry and spectral theory. The following lectures describe the fundamental relation between Q -curvature and scattering theory on asymptotically hyperbolic manifolds. Building on this, they introduce the recent concept of Q -curvature polynomials and use these to reveal the recursive structure of Q -curvatures. The part on conformal holonomy starts with an introduction to Cartan connections and its holonomy groups. Then we define holonomy groups of conformal manifolds, discuss its relation to Einstein metrics and recent classification results in Riemannian and Lorentzian signature. In particular, we explain the connection between conformal holonomy and conformal Killing forms and spinors, and describe Fefferman metrics in CR geometry as Lorentzian manifold with conformal holonomy SU(1,m).
Conformal geometry. --- Geometry, Differential. --- Conformal geometry --- Geometry, Differential --- Mathematics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Geometry --- Differential geometry --- Circular geometry --- Geometry of inverse radii --- Inverse radii, Geometry of --- Inversion geometry --- Möbius geometry --- Mathematics. --- Differential geometry. --- Differential Geometry. --- Global differential geometry.
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Conformal geometry --- Dynamics --- Géométrie conforme --- Dynamique --- Conformal geometry. --- Dynamics. --- Circular geometry --- Geometry of inverse radii --- Inverse radii, Geometry of --- Inversion geometry --- Möbius geometry --- Geometry --- Dynamical systems --- Kinetics --- Mathematics --- Mechanics, Analytic --- Force and energy --- Mechanics --- Physics --- Statics --- Mathematical Sciences --- Applied Mathematics --- Complex Analysis --- General and Others
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Conformal geometry --- Lie groups --- Planetary theory --- Symmetry (Physics) --- Invariance principles (Physics) --- Symmetry (Chemistry) --- Conservation laws (Physics) --- Physics --- Planets, Theory of --- Celestial mechanics --- Groups, Lie --- Lie algebras --- Symmetric spaces --- Topological groups --- Circular geometry --- Geometry of inverse radii --- Inverse radii, Geometry of --- Inversion geometry --- Möbius geometry --- Geometry --- Kepler, Johannes --- Kepler, Jean --- Kepler, Johann --- Keppler, Giovanni --- Kepler, Johannes, --- Kepler, Johannes, - 1571-1630
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"This memoir is an interval dynamics counterpart of three theories founded earlier by the authors, S. Smirnov and others in the setting of the iteration of rational maps on the Riemann sphere: the equivalence of several notions of non-uniform hyperbolicity, Geometric Pressure, and Nice Inducing Schemes methods leading to results in thermodynamical formalism. We work in a setting of generalized multimodal maps, that is smooth maps f of a finite union of compact intervals I in R into R with non-flat critical points, such that on its maximal forward invariant set K the map f is topologically transitive and has positive topological entropy. We prove that several notions of non-uniform hyperbolicity of f K are equivalent (including uniform hyperbolicity on periodic orbits, TCE & all periodic orbits in K hyperbolic repelling, Lyapunov hyperbolicity, and exponential shrinking of pullbacks). We prove that several definitions of geometric pressure P(t), that is pressure for the map f K and the potential - t log f, give the same value (including pressure on periodic orbits, "tree" pressure, variational pressures and conformal pressure). Finally we prove that, provided all periodic orbits in K are hyperbolic repelling, the function P(t) is real analytic for t between the "condensation" and "freezing" parameters and that for each such t there exists unique equilibrium (and conformal) measure satisfying strong statistical properties"--
Lyapunov functions. --- Riemann surfaces. --- Differential equations. --- Riemann, Surfaces de. --- Liapounov, Fonctions de. --- Équations différentielles. --- Conformal geometry. --- Mappings (Mathematics) --- Géométrie conforme --- Applications (Mathématiques) --- Conformal geometry --- Riemann surfaces --- Maps (Mathematics) --- Functions --- Functions, Continuous --- Topology --- Transformations (Mathematics) --- Surfaces, Riemann --- Circular geometry --- Geometry of inverse radii --- Inverse radii, Geometry of --- Inversion geometry --- Möbius geometry --- Geometry
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"This is a one-stop introduction to the methods of ergodic theory applied to holomorphic iteration. The authors begin with introductory chapters presenting the necessary tools from ergodic theory thermodynamical formalism, and then focus on recent developments in the field of 1-dimensional holomorphic iterations and underlying fractal sets, from the point of view of geometric measure theory and rigidity. Detailed proofs are included. Developed from university courses taught by the authors, this book is ideal for graduate students. Researchers will also find it a valuable source of reference to a large and rapidly expanding field. It eases the reader into the subject and provides a vital springboard for those beginning their own research. Many helpful exercises are also included to aid understanding of the material presented and the authors provide links to further reading and related areas of research"--Provided by publisher.
Conformal geometry. --- Fractals. --- Ergodic theory. --- Iterative methods (Mathematics) --- Iteration (Mathematics) --- Numerical analysis --- Ergodic transformations --- Continuous groups --- Mathematical physics --- Measure theory --- Transformations (Mathematics) --- Fractal geometry --- Fractal sets --- Geometry, Fractal --- Sets, Fractal --- Sets of fractional dimension --- Dimension theory (Topology) --- Circular geometry --- Geometry of inverse radii --- Inverse radii, Geometry of --- Inversion geometry --- Möbius geometry --- Geometry
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Conformal geometry --- Discrete groups --- Manifolds (Mathematics) --- 514.763.4 --- Geometry, Differential --- Topology --- Groups, Discrete --- Discrete mathematics --- Infinite groups --- Circular geometry --- Geometry of inverse radii --- Inverse radii, Geometry of --- Inversion geometry --- Möbius geometry --- Geometry --- 514.763.4 Manifolds with complex or almost-complex structure. Hermitian manifolds. Kähler manifolds --- Manifolds with complex or almost-complex structure. Hermitian manifolds. Kähler manifolds --- Differential geometry. Global analysis
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This book offers a systematic exposition of conformal methods and how they can be used to study the global properties of solutions to the equations of Einstein's theory of gravity. It shows that combining these ideas with differential geometry can elucidate the existence and stability of the basic solutions of the theory. Introducing the differential geometric, spinorial and PDE background required to gain a deep understanding of conformal methods, this text provides an accessible account of key results in mathematical relativity over the last thirty years, including the stability of de Sitter and Minkowski spacetimes. For graduate students and researchers, this self-contained account includes useful visual models to help the reader grasp abstract concepts and a list of further reading, making this an ideal reference companion on the topic. This title, first published in 2016, has been reissued as an Open Access publication on Cambridge Core.
Conformal geometry. --- Conformal mapping. --- Conformal representation of surfaces --- Mapping, Conformal --- Transformation, Conformal --- Geometric function theory --- Mappings (Mathematics) --- Surfaces, Representation of --- Transformations (Mathematics) --- Circular geometry --- Geometry of inverse radii --- Inverse radii, Geometry of --- Inversion geometry --- Möbius geometry --- Geometry --- General relativity (Physics) --- Geometry, Differential. --- Einstein field equations --- Space and time. --- Mathematics. --- Numerical solutions.
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This book is based on real inner product spaces X of arbitrary (finite or infinite) dimension greater than or equal to 2. With natural properties of (general) translations and general distances of X, euclidean and hyperbolic geometries are characterized. For these spaces X also the sphere geometries of Möbius and Lie are studied (besides euclidean and hyperbolic geometry), as well as geometries where Lorentz transformations play the key role. The geometrical notions of this book are based on general spaces X as described. This implies that also mathematicians who have not so far been especially interested in geometry may study and understand great ideas of classical geometries in modern and general contexts. Proofs of newer theorems, characterizing isometries and Lorentz transformations under mild hypotheses are included, like for instance infinite dimensional versions of famous theorems of A.D. Alexandrov on Lorentz transformations. A real benefit is the dimension-free approach to important geometrical theories. Only prerequisites are basic linear algebra and basic 2- and 3-dimensional real geometry.
Functional equations. --- Conformal geometry. --- Lie algebras. --- Special relativity (Physics) --- Complexes. --- Linear complexes --- Algebras, Linear --- Coordinates --- Geometry --- Line geometry --- Transformations (Mathematics) --- Ether drift --- Mass energy relations --- Relativity theory, Special --- Restricted theory of relativity --- Special theory of relativity --- Relativity (Physics) --- Algebras, Lie --- Algebra, Abstract --- Lie groups --- Circular geometry --- Geometry of inverse radii --- Inverse radii, Geometry of --- Inversion geometry --- Möbius geometry --- Equations, Functional --- Functional analysis --- Geometry. --- Mathematical physics. --- Mathematical Methods in Physics. --- Physical mathematics --- Physics --- Mathematics --- Euclid's Elements --- Physics. --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Physical sciences --- Dynamics
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Recent developments in biology and nanotechnology have stimulated a rapidly growing interest in the mechanics of thin, flexible ribbons and Mobius bands. This edited volume contains English translations of four seminal papers on this topic, all originally written in German; of these, Michael A. Sadowsky published the first in 1929, followed by two others in 1930, and Walter Wunderlich published the last in 1962. The volume also contains invited, peer-reviewed, original research articles on related topics. Previously published in the Journal of Elasticity, Volume 119, Issue 1-2, 2015.
Conformal geometry. --- Mechanics -- Mathematics. --- Materials Science --- Applied Mathematics --- Chemical & Materials Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Mechanics --- Mathematics. --- Classical mechanics --- Newtonian mechanics --- Circular geometry --- Geometry of inverse radii --- Inverse radii, Geometry of --- Inversion geometry --- Möbius geometry --- Physics --- Dynamics --- Quantum theory --- Geometry --- Mechanics. --- Mechanics, Applied. --- Computer science. --- Nanotechnology. --- Solid Mechanics. --- Computational Science and Engineering. --- Biological and Medical Physics, Biophysics. --- Molecular technology --- Nanoscale technology --- High technology --- Informatics --- Science --- Applied mechanics --- Engineering, Mechanical --- Engineering mathematics --- Computer mathematics. --- Biophysics. --- Biological physics. --- Biological physics --- Biology --- Medical sciences --- Computer mathematics --- Electronic data processing --- Mathematics
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