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Reality --- Mirror images

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"Since the late eighteenth century, scientists have placed subjects - humans from various cultures, babies, animals, and robots - in front of mirrors, looking for signs of awareness, of self-recognition. Made possible by the ubiquity of the modern mirror, the self-recognition test was used as a new means to answer that perennial question: What makes us human? How do we know? Through this lens, this book is a new history of psychology and related human sciences drawn together through the mirror self-recognition test, telling the story of how the mirror came to be invested with great hopes, but ultimately failed as a tool for determining human specificity. Though invented and used much earlier in a range of scientific inquiries, the mirror test became popular in the late nineteenth century when Charles Darwin argued that language was not what made us human, thus sparking a search for differing means of measuring and determining innate humanity. The mirror test was used to identify stages in the development of babies' self-awareness, of various animals, and then non-Western peoples were subjected to the same. Even though researchers developed ways to determine whether a subject that couldn't readily communicate recognized itself in the mirror, the question of what that self-identification meant remained hotly debated. In the twentieth century, challenges to the mirror test and its efficacy began to emerge. What did it mean that not all humans recognized themselves? What about robots that were constructed to foil the test? Moreover, was the identification of oneself in the mirror actually something else, a misidentification? In the aftermath of these challenges, new understandings of mirrors began to emerge, across a range of disciplines by researchers studying everything from eating disorders to neurons. In following the history of the mirror test, Guenther provide a new, alternative history of psychology and the human sciences more broadly"--

Developmental psychology. --- Mirror images. --- Self-consciousness (Awareness)

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Art and literature --- Mirror images --- Mirrors in art --- Mirrors in literature

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2 ALBERTUS MAGNUS --- Image (Theology) --- -Mirror images --- Images, Mirror --- Optical images --- Christian art and symbolism --- Communication --- Godsdienst. Theologie--ALBERTUS MAGNUS --- History of doctrines --- -Religious aspects --- Christianity --- Albertus Magnus, Saint --- -Albertus Magnus, Saint --- 2 ALBERTUS MAGNUS Godsdienst. Theologie--ALBERTUS MAGNUS --- Image (Philosophy) --- Mirror images --- Philosophy --- Religious aspects --- Albertus, --- Albert the Great --- Theology --- Albertus, - Magnus, Saint, - 1193?-1280. - De forma resultante in speculo