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This detailed book provides a compilation of laboratory techniques and tests to assess the risks to embryo-fetal development from drug exposure during early developmental stages. After an introduction to teratogenicity testing, the contents explore both in vitro and in vivo techniques in the study of the teratogenic and fetotoxic effects of drugs, as well as numerous animal-based teratology methods. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and comprehensive, Teratogenicity Testing: Methods and Protocols describes methods that integrate a battery of tests that can be performed in cells, organs, tissues, and animal models for evaluating toxicity and/or the safety of compounds in early developmental stages with the goal of estimating, preventing, or minimizing the teratogenic potential of drugs.

Toxicology. --- Pharmacology/Toxicology. --- Chemicals --- Medicine --- Pharmacology --- Poisoning --- Poisons --- Toxicology --- Agents teratògens. --- Embriologia --- Manuals de laboratori --- Tècniques de laboratori --- Desenvolupament embriològic --- Desenvolupament embrional --- Embriogènesi --- Embriogènia --- Embriologia animal --- Biologia --- Evolució --- Morfologia animal --- Edat gestacional --- Epigènesi --- Cèl·lules germinals --- Cordó umbilical --- Diferenciació sexual --- Fetus --- Gametogènesi --- Genètica del desenvolupament --- Miogènesi --- Neurobiologia del desenvolupament --- Òvuls --- Placenta --- Teratologia --- Biologia del desenvolupament --- Cèl·lules --- Protoplasma --- Reproducció --- Factors teratògens --- Medicaments teratògens --- Teratògens

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Embriologia --- Desenvolupament embriològic --- Desenvolupament embrional --- Embriogènesi --- Embriogènia --- Embriologia animal --- Biologia --- Evolució --- Morfologia animal --- Edat gestacional --- Epigènesi --- Cèl·lules germinals --- Cordó umbilical --- Diferenciació sexual --- Fetus --- Gametogènesi --- Genètica del desenvolupament --- Miogènesi --- Neurobiologia del desenvolupament --- Òvuls --- Placenta --- Teratologia --- Biologia del desenvolupament --- Cèl·lules --- Protoplasma --- Reproducció --- Placenta. --- Mammals --- Reproduction. --- Cotyledon (Anatomy) --- Embryology --- Uterus, Pregnant

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The molecular biology revolution has transformed developmental biology into one of the most exciting and fruitful fields in experimental biomedical research today. In Developmental Biology Protocols, established leaders in this field demonstrate this achievement with a comprehensive collection of cutting-edge protocols for studying and analyzing the events of embryonic development. Drawing on state-of-the-art cellular and molecular techniques, as well as new and sophisticated imaging and information technologies, this first volume of three presents readily reproducible methods for establishing and characterizing several widely used experimental model systems, for both the study of developmental patterns and morphogenesis, and the examination of embryo structure and function. In addition, there are step-by-step methods for the analysis of cell lineage, the production and use of chimeras, and the experimental molecular manipulation of embryos, including the application of viral vectors. The second and third volumes in this seminal set complete today's widest-ranging collection of techniques designed to decipher the exact cellular, molecular, and genetic mechanisms that control the form, structure, and function of the developing embryo. Volume 2 describes state-of-the-art methods for the study of organogenesis, the analysis of abnormal development and teratology, the screening and mapping of novel genes and mutations, and the application of transgenesis, including the production of transgenic animals and gene knockouts. No less innovative, Volume 3 introduces powerful techniques for the manipulation of developmental gene expression and function, the analysis of gene expression, the characterization of tissue morphogenesis and development, the in vitro study of differentiation and development, and the genetic analysis of developmental models of diseases. Highly practical and richly annotated, the three volumes of Developmental Biology Protocols describe multiple experimental systems and details techniques adopted from the broadest array of biomedical disciplines. Every researcher will not only better understand the principles, background, and rationale for how form and function are elaborated in an organism, but also gain full practical access to today's best methods for its analysis.

Developmental biology. --- Developmental Biology. --- Development (Biology) --- Biology --- Growth --- Ontogeny --- Biologia del desenvolupament --- Protocols clínics --- Plans d'actuació mèdica --- Protocols en medicina --- Protocols de diagnòstic clínic --- Protocols mèdics --- Protocols terapèutics --- Medicina clínica --- Històries clíniques --- Protocols d'infermeria --- Desenvolupament (Biologia) --- Biologia --- Cicles vitals (Biologia) --- Desenvolupament de les plantes --- Desenvolupament infantil --- Envelliment --- Evolució --- Miogènesi --- Formació de models (Biologia) --- Genètica del desenvolupament --- Larves --- Neurobiologia del desenvolupament --- Creixement --- Embriologia --- Ontogènesi

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This volume details commonly used molecular and cellular techniques and specialized methodologies for studying retina neuronal subtypes and electrophysiology. Chapters describe techniques for anatomical studies of retinal ganglion cell morphology, gap-junction-mediated neuronal connection, multi-electrode array recording on mouse retinas, and paired recording to study the electrical coupling between photoreceptors. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Retinal Development: Methods and Protocols aims to provide readers with a set of practical experimental tools to study retinal development, regeneration, and function of mature retinal neurons. Many of the protocols and strategies described in one organism can be easily adapted to applications in different model systems.

Retina --- Posterior segment (Eye) --- Electric properties. --- Cytology. --- Citologia --- Biologia cel·lular --- Biologia --- Citogenètica --- Citoquímica --- Migració cel·lular --- Cèl·lules --- Cèl·lules animals --- Ultraestructura (Biologia) --- Ull --- Developmental biology. --- Neurosciences. --- Developmental Biology and Stem Cells. --- Neuroscience. --- Neural sciences --- Neurological sciences --- Neuroscience --- Medical sciences --- Nervous system --- Development (Biology) --- Biology --- Growth --- Ontogeny --- Neurociències --- Biologia del desenvolupament --- Desenvolupament (Biologia) --- Cicles vitals (Biologia) --- Desenvolupament de les plantes --- Desenvolupament infantil --- Envelliment --- Evolució --- Miogènesi --- Formació de models (Biologia) --- Genètica del desenvolupament --- Larves --- Neurobiologia del desenvolupament --- Creixement --- Embriologia --- Ontogènesi --- Neurociència --- Ciències neurològiques --- Ciències de la salut --- Neuroanatomia --- Neurobiologia --- Neurociència computacional --- Neuroendocrinologia --- Neurofarmacologia --- Neurogenètica --- Neuroquímica --- Sistema nerviós

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This book covers subjects that have major impacts on society, such as the mechanism of maternal-fetal transfer of vitamin A, and the effects of alcohol on retinoic acid signaling and mammalian embryonic development. There has been an awareness of the importance of consuming vitamins throughout human history, but empirical studies of their physiological role and mode of action only began about 150 years ago. Since then, the biochemical nature of vitamin A and its active derivative, retinoic acid, have been identified and researchers around the globe have investigated retinoic acid’s physiological function in growth processes and in maintaining life Written by leading experts, this book discusses the latest findings and advances in retinoic acid research. It addresses topics such as the role of retinoic acid signaling in a multitude of processes, including limb, heart and respiratory system development, as well as its role in maintaining postnatal organ systems. This book is a valuable resource for scientists involved in vitamin A/retinoic acid research and readers interested in developmental biology.

Human physiology. --- Nutrition   . --- Embryology. --- Physiology. --- Human Physiology. --- Nutrition. --- Animal physiology --- Animals --- Biology --- Anatomy --- Animal embryology --- Development, Embryological --- Development, Embryonic --- Development, Zygotic --- Embryogenesis --- Embryogeny --- Embryological development --- Embryonic development --- Zoology --- Zygote development --- Zygotes --- Zygotic development --- Zygotic embryogenesis --- Developmental biology --- Morphology (Animals) --- Embryos --- Reproduction --- Alimentation --- Food --- Nutrition --- Health --- Physiology --- Diet --- Dietetics --- Digestion --- Food habits --- Malnutrition --- Human biology --- Medical sciences --- Human body --- Embryology --- Development --- Health aspects --- Cellular signal transduction. --- Retinoids. --- Vitamin A analogs --- Vitamin A congeners --- Vitamin A derivatives --- Carotenoids --- Diterpenes --- Interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein --- Cellular information transduction --- Information transduction, Cellular --- Signal transduction, Cellular --- Bioenergetics --- Cellular control mechanisms --- Information theory in biology --- Retinoides --- Vitamina A --- Embriologia --- Fisiologia humana --- Biologia humana --- Ciències de la salut --- Fisiologia --- Mecànica humana --- Reproducció humana --- Cos humà --- Desenvolupament embriològic --- Desenvolupament embrional --- Embriogènesi --- Embriogènia --- Embriologia animal --- Biologia --- Evolució --- Morfologia animal --- Edat gestacional --- Epigènesi --- Cèl·lules germinals --- Cordó umbilical --- Diferenciació sexual --- Fetus --- Gametogènesi --- Genètica del desenvolupament --- Miogènesi --- Neurobiologia del desenvolupament --- Òvuls --- Placenta --- Teratologia --- Biologia del desenvolupament --- Cèl·lules --- Protoplasma --- Reproducció --- Retinol --- Vitamina antixeroftàlmica --- Vitamines liposolubles --- Carotenoides