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"In December 1931, El Salvador's civilian president, Arturo Araujo, was overthrown in a military coup. Such an event was hardly unique in Salvadoran history, but the 1931 coup proved to be a watershed. Araujo had been the nation's first democratically elected president, and although no one could have foreseen the result, the coup led to five decades of uninterrupted military rule, the longest run in modern Latin American history. Furthermore, six weeks after coming to power, the new military regime oversaw the crackdown on a peasant rebellion in western El Salvador that is one of the worst episodes of state-sponsored repression in modern Latin American history. Democracy would not return to El Salvador until the 1990's, and only then after a brutal twelve-year civil war. In Authoritarian El Salvador: Politics and the Origins of the Military Regimes, 1880-1940, Erik Ching seeks to explain the origins of the military regime that came to power in 1931. Based on his comprehensive survey of the extant documentary record in El Salvador's national archive, Ching argues that El Salvador was typified by a longstanding tradition of authoritarianism dating back to the early- to mid-nineteenth century. The basic structures of that system were based on patron-client relationships that wove local, regional, and national political actors into complex webs of rival patronage networks. Decidedly nondemocratic in practice, the system nevertheless exhibited highly paradoxical traits: it remained steadfastly loyal to elections as the mechanism by which political aspirants acquired office, and it employed a political discourse laden with appeals to liberty and free suffrage. That blending of nondemocratic authoritarianism with populist reformism and rhetoric set the precedent for military rule for the next fifty years. "With his Authoritarian El Salvador: Politics and the Origins of the Military Regimes, 1880-1940, Erik Ching makes a significant and original contribution to the historiography of Central America and to debates on patron-client relations and systems of political development. No doubt the enormous empirical research and attention to archival detail he presents will spark debate in the rich and growing literature on politics, democracy, and authoritarianism in post-independence Latin America." --Justin Wolfe, Tulane University"--

Authoritarianism --- Military government --- History. --- History --- El Salvador --- Military rule --- Public administration --- Civil-military relations --- Military occupation --- Political science --- Authority

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In diesem einen Jahr von Sommer 1944 bis Sommer 1945 berühren sich zwei Zeitalter. Es ist die Kernzone der deutschen Katastrophen- und Transformationsphase zwischen Stalingrad und Währungsreform. Krieg, Eroberung und Besetzung, Sturz der Diktatur und Sieg der Demokratie, Rettung und Vernichtung sind auch ein menschliches Drama und ein geschichtliches Epos gewesen: In wissenschaftlicher Analyse und eindringlicher Erzählung eine Gesamtansicht dieses einen Jahres im Übergang vom Krieg zum Frieden zu geben, ist das Ziel dieses Buches. Pressestimmen zur ersten Auflage 1995: "Eine überaus reiche, anschaulich und lebendig geschilderte Sammlung meisterhafter »Miniaturen«" Rainer A. Blasius in: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung Henke "hat drei sterile historiographische Erbschaften auf einen Streich überwunden: das ausweichende Reden von Verhängnis und Schicksal, die menschenleeren Strukturlandschaften bestimmter gesellschaftsgeschichtlicher Denkschulen und die Beliebigkeit einer im Kaleidoskop betriebenen Alltagsgeschichte." Hans-Günther Hockerts in: Süddeutsche Zeitung "fulminante Untersuchung...spannend wie ein Krimi" Peter Steinbach in: Der Tagesspiegel "Wenn man sich künftig des Endes des Zweiten Weltkrieges erinnert, wird man auf diese gewichtige Studie zurückgreifen müssen." Jost Dülffer in: Die Zeit

Reconstruction (1939-1951) --- Military government --- History --- Germany --- United States --- Foreign relations --- Military rule --- Public administration --- Civil-military relations --- Military occupation --- Third Reich, 1933-1945

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Despotism --- Military government --- Fiscal policy --- History. --- -Fiscal policy --- -Military government --- -Military rule --- Public administration --- Civil-military relations --- Military occupation --- Tax policy --- Taxation --- Economic policy --- Finance, Public --- Absolutism --- Autocracy --- Tyranny --- Authoritarianism --- Dictatorship --- Totalitarianism --- History --- Government policy --- Ethiopia --- Politics and government. --- -History --- Military rule --- Despotism - Ethiopia - History. --- Military government - Ethiopia - History. --- Fiscal policy - Ethiopia - History. --- Ethiopie --- Politique et gouvernement --- 18e-20e siecles

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"An insider traces the details of hope and ambition gone wrong in the Giant of Africa, Nigeria, Africa's most populous country. When it gained independence from Britain in 1960, hopes were high that, with mineral wealth and over 140 million people, the most educated workforce in Africa, Nigeria would become Africa s first superpower and a stabilizing democratic influence in the region. However, these lofty hopes were soon dashed and the country lumbered from crisis to crisis, with the democratic government eventually being overthrown in a violent military coup in January 1966. From 1966 until 1999, the army held onto power almost uninterrupted under a succession of increasingly authoritarian military governments and army coups. Military coups and military rule (which began as an emergency aberration) became a seemingly permanent feature of Nigerian politics. The author names names, and explores how British influence aggravated indigenous rivalries. He shows how various factions in the military were able to hold onto power and resist civil and international pressure for democratic governance by exploiting the country's oil wealth and ethnic divisions to its advantage."--Publisher's description.

Coups d'état --- Military government --- Military rule --- Public administration --- Civil-military relations --- Military occupation --- Coup d'états --- Coups (Coups d'état) --- Government, Resistance to --- History --- Political science --- Revolutions --- Nigeria --- Politics and government --- Geschichte 1966-1976

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Government --- Polemology --- Political sociology --- 323.27 --- Civil-military relations --- -Military government --- -Developing Countries --- #SBIB:327.5H21 --- Military rule --- Public administration --- Military occupation --- Military and civilian power --- Military-civil relations --- Executive power --- Sociology, Military --- Military government --- Oproeren. Revolutie. Revolutionaire bewegingen. Staatsgreep --- Politics and government. --- Vrede – oorlog, oorlogssituaties --- 323.27 Oproeren. Revolutie. Revolutionaire bewegingen. Staatsgreep --- Developing countries