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"How do militants rationalize violence and what are their motives? How do time and space shape their destiny? In Violence and Militants Baris Cayli explores these enduring questions by comparing violent episodes in towns and villages in the nineteenth-century Ottoman Balkans with today's zones of conflict from Afghanistan to the Middle East. Placing history alongside the troubles of the present, Violence and Militants reveals parallels between Christian militants who rebelled against the Ottoman Empire and four jihadist organizations of today: Hezbollah, Hamas, al-Qaeda, and Isis. Drawing on scholarship by political theorists, historians, sociologists, anthropologists, and philosophers, Cayli traces the root of dissent to a perceived deprivation that leads to aggressive protest and action. He argues that the rationalization of violence functions independently of time and geographical location. Through a riveting narrative, this book uncovers how militant groups use revenge, ideals, and confrontation to generate fear and terror in the name of justice. Breaking new ground, Violence and Militants is the first book to address this complex relationship across different periods of history."--

Violence --- Religious militants --- Jihad --- Holy war (Islam) --- Islamic holy war --- Jahad --- Jehad --- Muslim holy war --- War (Islamic law) --- Militants, Religious --- Religious terrorists --- Religious adherents --- Terrorism --- History --- Religious aspects --- History.

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Tawhid was a militant Islamist group which implemented Islamic law at gunpoint in the Lebanese city of Tripoli during the 1980s. In retrospect, some have called it 'the first ISIS-style Emirate'. Drawing on two hundred interviews with Islamist fighters and their mortal enemies, as well as on a trove of new archival material, Raphaël Lefèvre provides a comprehensive account of this Islamist group. He shows how they featured religious ideologues determined to turn Lebanon into an Islamic Republic, yet also included Tripolitan rebels of all stripes, neighbourhood strongmen with scores to settle, local subalterns seeking social revenge as well as profit-driven gangsters, who each tried to steer Tawhid's exercise of violence to their advantage. Providing a detailed understanding of the multi-faceted processes through which Tawhid emerged in 1982, implemented its 'Emirate' and suddenly collapsed in 1985, this is a story that shows how militant Islamist groups are impacted by their grand ideology as much as by local contexts - with crucial lessons for understanding social movements, rebel groups and terrorist organizations elsewhere too.

Religious militants --- Islamic fundamentalism --- Islam and politics --- Islam and state --- History --- Ḥarakat al-Tawḥīd al-Islāmī (Lebanon) --- Mosque and state --- State and Islam --- State, The --- Ummah (Islam) --- Islam --- Politics and Islam --- Political science --- Fundamentalism, Islamic --- Islamism --- Religious fundamentalism --- Militants, Religious --- Religious terrorists --- Religious adherents --- Terrorism --- Political aspects --- Religious aspects --- Junbush-i Tavḥīd-i Islāmī (Lebanon) --- Islamic Unification Movement (Lebanon) --- Mouvement de Unification Islamique (Lebanon) --- Tawhid (Lebanon) --- Tawheed (Lebanon) --- حركة التوحيد الإسلامي --- Tripoli (Lebanon) --- Lebanon --- Social conditions. --- Politics and government --- Tripolis (Lebanon) --- Ṭarābulus (Lebanon) --- Tarablous ech Cham (Lebanon) --- Tarâbloûss (Lebanon) --- Ṭarābulus al-Shām (Lebanon) --- Trâblous (Lebanon)

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This book sheds new light on the security challenges for failed states posed by violent non-state armed actors (VNSAs). By focusing on the Syrian Civil War, it explores the characteristics, ideologies and strategies of the Islamic State (ISIS) and the People’s Protection Units (YPG), as well as the regional and geopolitical impacts of these VNSAs. The contributors also cover topics such as the re-imagination of borders, the YPG’s demands for national sovereignty, and the involvement of regional and global powers in the Syrian crisis.“This timely volume by regional scholars and experts examines various aspects of the emergence and expansion of violent non-state actors in the Syrian/Iraqi conflict. The wealth of detail and approaches enhance our understanding of the transformation and dynamics of contemporary conflicts within and beyond the region.” Keith Krause, The Graduate Institute, Geneva “This book opens fascinating glimpses into contrasting forms of “state-like” governance established by non-state actors, ISIS and the Kurdish PYD. [...] It is an important source for students of the Syrian conflict, civil wars, failed states and hybrid governance.”Raymond Hinnebusch, Director Centre for Syrian Studies, University of St. Andrews “This book is an excellent resource for those looking for an interdisciplinary account of VNSAs during the Syrian civil war. It makes a nice contribution to the study of violent non state actors and poses a set of new and pressing questions.” Max Abrahms, Northeastern University.

Non-state actors (International relations) --- Religious militants --- Terrorist organizations --- Terror organizations --- Terrorist groups --- Associations, institutions, etc. --- Militants, Religious --- Religious terrorists --- Religious adherents --- Terrorism --- NGAs (International relations) --- Non-governmental actors (International relations) --- Nongovernmental actors (International relations) --- Non-state entities (International relations) --- Nonstate entities (International relations) --- Nonstate actors (International relations) --- International relations --- Religious aspects --- Terrorism. --- Middle East-Politics and governm. --- Peace. --- Security, International. --- Terrorism and Political Violence. --- Middle Eastern Politics. --- International Humanitarian Law, Law of Armed Conflict. --- Conflict Studies. --- International Security Studies. --- Collective security --- International security --- Disarmament --- International organization --- Peace --- Coexistence, Peaceful --- Peaceful coexistence --- Peace-building --- Security, International --- War --- Acts of terrorism --- Attacks, Terrorist --- Global terrorism --- International terrorism --- Political terrorism --- Terror attacks --- Terrorist acts --- Terrorist attacks --- World terrorism --- Direct action --- Insurgency --- Political crimes and offenses --- Subversive activities --- Political violence --- Terror --- Political violence. --- Middle East—Politics and government. --- International humanitarian law. --- Humanitarian conventions --- International humanitarian law --- War (International law) --- Violence --- Middle East

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This book provides a fascinating look at the creation of contemporary Muslim jihadists. Basing the book on her long-term fieldwork in the disputed borderlands between Pakistan and India, Cabeiri deBergh Robinson tells the stories of people whose lives and families have been shaped by a long history of political conflict. Interweaving historical and ethnographic evidence, Robinson explains how refuge-seeking has become a socially and politically debased practice in the Kashmir region and why this devaluation has turned refugee men into potential militants. She reveals the fraught social processes by which individuals and families produce and maintain a modern jihad, and she shows how Muslim refugees have forged an Islamic notion of rights-a hybrid of global political ideals that adopts the language of human rights and humanitarianism as a means to rethink refugees' positions in transnational communities. Jihad is no longer seen as a collective fight for the sovereignty of the Islamic polity, but instead as a personal struggle to establish the security of Muslim bodies against political violence, torture, and rape. Robinson describes how this new understanding has contributed to the popularization of jihad in the Kashmir region, decentered religious institutions as regulators of jihad in practice, and turned the families of refugee youths into the ultimate mediators of entrance into militant organizations. This provocative book challenges the idea that extremism in modern Muslim societies is the natural by-product of a clash of civilizations, of a universal Islamist ideology, or of fundamentalist conversion.

Islam and politics --- Refugees --- Jihad. --- Religious militants --- Kashmiri (South Asian people) --- Militants, Religious --- Religious terrorists --- Religious adherents --- Terrorism --- Displaced persons --- Persons --- Aliens --- Deportees --- Exiles --- Kashmiris (South Asian people) --- Ethnology --- Holy war (Islam) --- Islamic holy war --- Jahad --- Jehad --- Muslim holy war --- War (Islamic law) --- Islam --- Politics and Islam --- Political science --- Religious aspects --- Political aspects --- Jihad --- #SBIB:316.331H333 --- #SBIB:39A11 --- #SBIB:39A75 --- Godsdienst, oorlog en vrede --- Antropologie : socio-politieke structuren en relaties --- Etnografie: Azië --- Kashmiri (South Asian people) - Pakistan - Azad Kashmir --- Religious militants - Pakistan - Azad Kashmir --- Refugees - Pakistan - Azad Kashmir --- Refugees - India - Jammu and Kashmir --- Islam and politics - Pakistan - Azad Kashmir --- asia scholars. --- asian studies. --- contemporary muslims. --- ethnographers. --- ethnography. --- extremism. --- fieldwork. --- fundamentalism. --- global politics. --- historians. --- historical perspective. --- human rights. --- humanitarianism. --- india. --- kashmir. --- middle east. --- militant organizations. --- muslim jihadists. --- muslim refugees. --- nonfiction. --- pakistan. --- political conflict. --- political issues. --- political violence. --- refugee families. --- religious extremists. --- religious violence. --- social issues. --- south asia. --- transnational.

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Radicalization is a major challenge of contemporary global security. It conjures up images of violent ideologies, "homegrown" terrorists and jihad in both the academic sphere and among security and defense experts. While the first instances of religious radicalization were initially limited to second-generation Muslim immigrants, significant changes are currently impacting this phenomenon. Technology is said to amplify the dissemination of radicalism, though there remains uncertainty as to the exact weight of technology on radical behaviors. Moreover, far from being restricted to young men of Muslim heritage suffering from a feeling of social relegation, radicalism concerns a significant number of converted Muslims, women and more heterogeneous profiles (social, academic and geographic), as well as individuals that give the appearance of being fully integrated in the host society. These new and striking dynamics require innovative conceptual lenses. Radicalization in Theory and Practice identifies the mechanisms that explicitly link radical religious beliefs and radical actions. It describes its nature, singles out the mechanisms that enable radicalism to produce its effects, and develops a conceptual architecture to help scholars and policy-makers to address and evaluate radicalism--or what often passes as such. A variety of empirical chapters fed by first-hand data probe the relevance of theoretical perspectives that shape radicalization studies. By giving a prominent role to first-hand empirical investigations, the authors create a new framework of analysis from the ground up. This book enhances the quality of theorizing in this area, consolidates the quality of methodological enquiries, and articulates security studies insights with broader theoretical debates in different fields including sociology, social psychology, economics, and religious studies.

Radicalism. --- Extremism, Political --- Ideological extremism --- Political extremism --- Political science --- Radicalization --- Radicalism --- Jihad. --- Religious militants --- Terrorism --- Violence --- Philosophy. --- Religious aspects. --- Europe, Western --- Social conditions. --- Violent behavior --- Social psychology --- Acts of terrorism --- Attacks, Terrorist --- Global terrorism --- International terrorism --- Political terrorism --- Terror attacks --- Terrorist acts --- Terrorist attacks --- World terrorism --- Direct action --- Insurgency --- Political crimes and offenses --- Subversive activities --- Political violence --- Terror --- Militants, Religious --- Religious terrorists --- Religious adherents --- Holy war (Islam) --- Islamic holy war --- Jahad --- Jehad --- Muslim holy war --- War (Islamic law) --- Radicalisation --- Religious aspects --- West Europe --- Western Europe --- framework for analysis --- social movement theories --- Islamic Doctrines --- United Kingdom --- networks --- Conversion --- Rational Choice --- Spain --- comparative analysis --- Jihadism --- Belgium --- terrorism --- religious violence --- theories of radicalization --- France --- Germany --- Jihadi Terrorism