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"This book challenges the prevalent view that the European Union is a declining power. It argues that notwithstanding all its challenges, the EU remains an influential superpower that shapes the world in its image through a phenomenon called "the Brussels Effect." The Brussels Effect refers to the EU's unilateral power to regulate global markets. This allows the EU to often set the standards according to which products are built and business is conducted, in Europe and beyond. Without the need to resort to international institutions or seek other nations' cooperation, the EU has the ability to promulgate regulations that shape the global business environment, leading to a notable Europeanization of many important aspects of global commerce. Different from many other forms of global influence, the Brussels Effect entails that the EU does not need to impose its standards coercively on anyone-market forces alone are often sufficient to convert the EU standard into the global standard as multinational companies voluntarily extend the EU rule to govern their global operations. In this way, the EU wields significant, unique, and highly penetrating power to unilaterally transform global markets, be it through its ability to set the standards in antitrust regulation, data protection, online hate speech, consumer health and safety, or environmental protection" --

Law --- Mobility. --- European influences. --- European Union --- Influence. --- International relations. Foreign policy --- Mobility --- European influences --- Influence --- 334.150.0 --- E.U. --- Migration of law --- Mobility of law

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For many observers, the European Union is mired in a deep crisis. Between sluggish growth; political turmoil following a decade of austerity politics; Brexit; and the rise of Asian influence, the EU is seen as a declining power on the world stage.Columbia Law professor Anu Bradford argues the opposite in her important new book The Brussels Effect: the EU remains an influential superpower that shapes the world in its image. By promulgating regulations that shape the international business environment, elevating standards worldwide, and leading to a notable Europeanization of many important aspects of global commerce, the EU has managed to shape policy in areas such as data privacy, consumer health and safety, environmental protection, antitrust, and online hate speech. And in contrast to how superpowers wield their global influence, the Brussels Effect - a phrase first coined by Bradford in 2012- absolves the EU from playing a direct role in imposing standards, as market forces alone are often sufficient as multinational companies voluntarily extend the EU rule to govern their global operations. The Brussels Effect shows how the EU has acquired such power, why multinational companies use EU standards as global standards, and why the EU's role as the world's regulator is likely to outlive its gradual economic decline, extending the EU's influence long into the future.

Law - Mobility --- Law - European influences --- Law - European Union countries --- Law --- Migration of law --- Mobility of law --- Mobility. --- EU policy --- food safety --- environmental policy --- personal data --- consumer protection --- anti-trust legislation --- globalisation --- European Union

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Why do law reforms spread around the world in waves? In the dominant account of diffusion through technocracy, international networks of elites develop orthodox policy solutions and transplant these across countries without regard for the wishes of ordinary citizens. But this account overlooks a critical factor: in democracies, reforms must win the support of politicians, voters, and interest groups. This book claims that laws spread across countries in very public and politicizedways, and develops a theory of diffusion through democracy. I argue that politicians choose to follow certain international models to win domestic elections, and to persuade skeptical voters that their ideas are not radical, ill-thought-out experiments, but mainstream, tried-and-true solutions.This book shows how international models generated domestic support for health, family, and employment law reforms across rich democracies. Information that international organizations have endorsed certain reforms or that foreign countries have adopted them is valuable to voters. Public opinion experiments show that even Americans respond positively to this information. Case studies of election campaigns and legislative debates demonstrate that politicians with diverse ideologies referenceinternational models strategically, and focus on the few international organizations and countries familiar to voters. Data on policy adoption from many rich democracies document that governments follow international organization templates and imitate the policy choices of countries heavily covered innational media and familiar to voters. Benchmarks from Abroad provides a direct defense to a major criticism international organizations and networks face: that they conflict with domestic democracy. Even presumptively weak international efforts, such as the development of soft law and best practices, can increase voter support for major reforms. Instead, international and European Union negotiations to establish binding legal obligations can be costly and protracted, resulting in " However,the book also explains how electoral calculations do not favor the spread of successful policies that happen to originate in small and remote states.

Law --- Health care reform. --- Family policy. --- Comparative law. --- Democracy. --- Public opinion. --- Law. --- Opinion, Public --- Perception, Public --- Popular opinion --- Public perception --- Public perceptions --- Judgment --- Social psychology --- Attitude (Psychology) --- Focus groups --- Reputation --- Self-government --- Political science --- Equality --- Representative government and representation --- Republics --- Comparative jurisprudence --- Comparative legislation --- Jurisprudence, Comparative --- Law, Comparative --- Legislation, Comparative --- Families --- Families and state --- State and families --- Public welfare --- Social security --- Social policy --- Health reform --- Health system reform --- Healthcare reform --- Medical care reform --- Reform of health care delivery --- Reform of medical care delivery --- Medical policy --- Health insurance --- Acts, Legislative --- Enactments, Legislative --- Laws (Statutes) --- Legislative acts --- Legislative enactments --- Jurisprudence --- Legislation --- Migration of law --- Mobility of law --- Mobility. --- Foreign influences. --- Government policy

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INTERNATIONAL LAW -- 341 --- PUBLIC OPINION -- 341 --- HEALTH CARE REFORM -- 340.5 --- FAMILY POLICY -- 340.5 --- DEMOCRACY -- 340.5 --- COMPARATIVE LAW -- 340.5 --- INTERNATIONAL LAW -- 340.5 --- PUBLIC OPINION -- 340.5 --- HEALTH CARE REFORM -- 321.7 --- DEMOCRACY -- 321.7 --- COMPARATIVE LAW -- 321.7 --- INTERNATIONAL LAW -- 321.7 --- PUBLIC OPINION -- 321.7 --- COMPARATIVE LAW -- 341 --- FAMILY POLICY -- 321.7 --- Law --- Health care reform. --- Family policy. --- Comparative law. --- Democracy. --- Public opinion. --- #SBIB:35H400 --- #SBIB:35H436 --- Opinion, Public --- Perception, Public --- Popular opinion --- Public perception --- Public perceptions --- Judgment --- Social psychology --- Attitude (Psychology) --- Focus groups --- Reputation --- Self-government --- Political science --- Equality --- Representative government and representation --- Republics --- Comparative jurisprudence --- Comparative legislation --- Jurisprudence, Comparative --- Law, Comparative --- Legislation, Comparative --- Families --- Families and state --- State and families --- Public welfare --- Social security --- Social policy --- Health reform --- Health system reform --- Healthcare reform --- Medical care reform --- Reform of health care delivery --- Reform of medical care delivery --- Medical policy --- Health insurance --- Acts, Legislative --- Enactments, Legislative --- Laws (Statutes) --- Legislative acts --- Legislative enactments --- Jurisprudence --- Legislation --- Migration of law --- Mobility of law --- Mobility. --- Foreign influences. --- Beleid: algemeen --- Beleidssectoren: welzijn, volksgezondheid en cultuur --- Government policy --- Comparative law --- Democracy --- Family policy --- Health care reform --- Public opinion --- Foreign influences --- Mobility