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Advances in science and technology of Mn+1AXn phases presents a comprehensive review of synthesis, microstructures, properties, ab-initio calculations and applications of Mn+1AXn phases and targets the continuing research of advanced materials and ceramics. An overview of the current status, future directions, challenges and opportunities of Mn+1AXn phases that exhibit some of the best attributes of metals and ceramics is included. Students of materials science and engineering at postgraduate level will value this book as a reference source at an international level for both teaching and resea

Chemical industry. --- Microstructures. --- Science. --- Ceramic materials. --- Ceramic industries --- Ceramics --- Mines and mineral resources --- Materials

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This open access atlas is an up-to-date visual resource on the features and structures observed in soil thin sections, i.e. soil micromorphology. The book addresses the growing interest in soil micromorphology in the fields of soil science, earth science, archaeology and forensic science, and serves as a reference tool for researchers and students for fast learning and intuitive feature and structure recognition. The book is divided into six parts and contains hundreds of images and photomicrographs. Part one is devoted to the way to sample properly soils, the method of preparation of thin sections, the main tool of soil micromorphology (the microscope), and the approach of soil micromorphology as a scientific method. Part two focuses on the organisation of soil fragments and presents the concept of fabric. Part three addresses the basic components, e.g. rocks, minerals, organic compounds and anthropogenic features. Part four lists all the various types of pedogenic features observed in a soil, i.e. the imprint of pedogenesis. Part five gives interpretations of features associated with the main processes at work in soils and paleosols. Part six presents a view of what the future of soil micromorphology could be. Finally, the last part consists of the index and annexes, including the list of mineral formulas. This atlas will be of interest to researchers, academics, and students, who will find it a convenient tool for the self-teaching of soil micromorphology by using comparative photographs.

Soil science, sedimentology --- Geological surface processes (geomorphology) --- Mineralogy & gems --- Soil micromorphology --- Soil fragments --- Fabric --- Microstructures --- Pedogenic features --- Biominerals --- Open access

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This volume deals with the simulation of metamorphic and tectonic microstrucutres in rocks with a special emphasis on the modelling package "Elle". The first part provides a review of the problems and opportunities in the modelling of microstructures, followed by an introduction to various numerical modelling techniques. In the second part examples of the modelling of  different processes which alter rock microstructure are presented, beginning with individual processes and progressing to modelling multiple coupled processes.

Gestein --- Mikromorphologie --- Dynamische Geomorphologie --- Mathematisches Modell --- Rocks --- Geomorphology --- Géomorphologie --- Microstructure --- Mathematical models. --- Computer simulation. --- Modèles mathématiques --- Geodynamics -- Mathematical models. --- Rocks -- Microstructure -- Computer simulation. --- Rocks -- Microstructure -- Mathematical models. --- Geodynamics --- Petrology --- Dynamic & Structural Geology --- Geology - General --- Physical Geography --- Geology --- Geography --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Microstructures --- Mathematical models --- Computer simulation --- Dynamic geology --- Tectonophysics --- Earth sciences. --- Geology. --- Geotechnical engineering. --- Earth Sciences. --- Earth Sciences, general. --- Geotechnical Engineering & Applied Earth Sciences. --- Geophysics --- Stone --- Geography. --- Geognosy --- Geoscience --- Earth sciences --- Natural history --- Cosmography --- World history --- Engineering, Geotechnical --- Geotechnics --- Geotechnology --- Engineering geology --- Geosciences --- Environmental sciences --- Physical sciences

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Today, mainly man-made materials, such as carbon and glass fibers, are used to produce composite parts in aviation. Renewable materials, such as natural fibers or bio-sourced resin systems, have not yet found their way into aviation. The project ECO-COMPASS aims to evaluate the potential applications of ecologically improved composite materials in the aviation sector in an international collaboration of Chinese and European partners. Natural fibers such as flax and ramie will be used for different types of reinforcements and sandwich cores. Furthermore, bio-based epoxy resins to substitute bisphenol-A based epoxy resins in secondary structures are under investigation. Adapted material protection technologies to reduce environmental influence and to improve fire resistance are needed to fulfil the demanding safety requirements in aviation. Modelling and simulation of chosen eco-composites aims for an optimized use of materials while a Life Cycle Assessment aims to prove the ecological advantages compared to synthetic state-of-the-art materials. This Special Issue provides selected papers from the project consortium partners.

physical properties --- n/a --- plant fiber --- fracture toughness --- eco-composite --- functional composites --- flax fibre --- balsa --- bio-composites --- hybrid composite --- interface --- itaconic acid --- sandwich structures --- nonwoven --- flax --- engineering applications --- paper --- carbon nanotubes --- composite --- recycled carbon fibre --- poly-lactic acid --- rosin acid --- aviation sector --- crack sensing --- bio-sourced epoxy --- life cycle assessment --- natural fibre --- electrical properties --- glass fibre --- polymer nanocomposites --- environmental impacts --- multi-scale modeling --- function integrated interleave --- ramie fiber --- bio-based epoxy --- hybrid --- fabric --- sound absorption --- microstructures --- thermosetting resin --- wet-laying --- electrical conductivity --- green composite

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The lattice-preferred orientation (LPO) of minerals is important for interpreting seismic anisotropy, which occurs in the Earth’s crust and mantle, and for understanding the internal structure of the deep interior of the Earth. The characterization of microstructures, including LPO, grain size, grain shape, and misorientation, is important to determine the deformation conditions, deformation histories, kinematics, and seismic anisotropies in the crust and mantle The articles in this Special Issue prove that studies of LPO and microstructures of minerals and rocks are a major research area and provide a foundation for interpreting seismic anisotropy in the crust, mantle, and subduction zones. Therefore, the authors hope that this Special Issue encompassing recent advances in the measurement of LPOs of different minerals under various tectonic settings will be a fundamental and valuable resource for the readers and researchers interested in exploring the deformation conditions of minerals and rocks, as well as the interpretation of seismic anisotropy in the crust, mantle, and subduction zones.

Research & information: general --- Environmental economics --- microstructural evolution --- lattice preferred orientation --- olivine in Åheim --- amphibole --- seismic anisotropy --- seismic velocity --- olivine-rich eclogite --- Western Gneiss Region --- glaucophane --- epidote --- deformation experiment --- simple shear --- dislocation glide --- cataclastic flow --- spinel peridotite xenoliths --- deformation microstructures --- petrogenesis --- mantle heterogeneity --- Baekdusan volcano --- Ice --- microstructure --- crystallographic preferred orientation (CPO) --- Styx Glacier --- electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) --- Val Malenco --- serpentinized peridotite --- tectonic evolution --- deformation --- strain localization --- phyllite --- muscovite --- chlorite --- retrograded eclogite --- topotactic growth --- reflection coefficient --- omphacite --- subduction zone --- lattice-preferred orientation --- Xitieshan eclogite --- lawsonite --- twin --- blueschist --- crystal preferred orientation --- n/a --- olivine in Åheim