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Type 2 diabetes (T2D), also known as non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), is a condition in which cells fail to respond to insulin properly. As the disease progresses, the body does not produce enough insulin. There are several classes of anti-diabetic medications available, including the oral agent metformin. This medication is recommended as first-line treatment for T2D, except for those patients with severe kidney or liver problems. This book discusses the molecular mechanism, pharmacokinetics, and uses of metformin, as well as presents information on adverse drug reactions, drug interactions, and the potential use of metformin in tuberculosis.

Metformin.

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Type 2 diabetes (T2D), also known as non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), is a condition in which cells fail to respond to insulin properly. As the disease progresses, the body does not produce enough insulin. There are several classes of anti-diabetic medications available, including the oral agent metformin. This medication is recommended as first-line treatment for T2D, except for those patients with severe kidney or liver problems. This book discusses the molecular mechanism, pharmacokinetics, and uses of metformin, as well as presents information on adverse drug reactions, drug interactions, and the potential use of metformin in tuberculosis.

Metformin.

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The book "Metformin" aims to bring to light new concepts and trends related to the many metformin therapeutic features. After a history of over 60 years, with moments of decline and spectacular returns, metformin can now be regarded as a universal panacea, the valences of its therapeutics being increasingly appreciated, both in the background treatment of diabetes and pre-diabetes, but also in reproductive pathology, cancer, cardiovascular disease, and antiageing. In this respect, the mechanisms of action and the pharmacodynamics of metformin seem to be incompletely known, a number of current studies have revealed new action valences.

Metformin.

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L'augmentation de la p02 tumorale permettrait d'augmenter la radiosensibilité de tumeurs hypoxiques. L'objectif de ce travail est d'étudier l'effet d'un nouveau modulateur de l'oxygénation tumorale : la metformine. La metformine est un biguanide largement utilisé dans le traitement des diabètes de type 2. Son effet a été comparé à celui de la phenformine, un autre biguanide mais dont les propriétés de biodistribution sont différentes. Dans un premier temps, les effets de la metformine et de la phenformine sur la consom mation d'oxygène ont été étudiés sur les cellules tumorales de phénotype glycolytique (MDA M B 231 et FSA II) et de phénotype oxydatif (SiHa et TLT). Une diminution du taux de consommation induite par les deux traitements est observée, mais cet effet semble indépendant des phénotypes. Dans un deuxième temps, les effets de la metformine (lOOmg/kg) et de la phenformine (lOOmg/kg) sur l'oxygénation tumorale ont été étudiés, in vivo, sur u ne tumeur oxydative (TLT) et glycolytique (FSA II). Une augmentation très modeste de l'oxygénation induite par les deux traitements dans les deux lignées étudiées est constatée, et la phenformine ne semble pas plus efficace que la metformi ne. Au vu de ces résultats, la metformine semble un moins bon modulateur de l'oxygénation tumorale comparé à d'autres agents testés auparavant. Son efficacité en tant que sensibilisateur des cellules tumorales à la radiothérapie semble être peu probable. Increase in tumoral Po2 would increase hypoxic tumor radiosensitivity. The aim of this work is to study the effect a new tumoral oxygenation modulator: metformin. Metformin is a biguanide widely used in type 2 diabetes therapy. Its effects was compared with the one petformin , another biguanid but which properties of biodistribution are different. First, effects of metformin and phenformin on oxygen consumption were studied on tumoral cells with glycolytic phenotype (MDA, MB231 and FSA II) and oxidative phenotype (SiHa and TLT). A decrease in consumption rate induced by both treatments was observed but this effect seems to be independent of the phenotypes’. Second, the effects of metformin (100 mg/kg) and phenformin (100 mg/kg) on tumoral oxygenation were studied in vivo on an oxidative (TLT) and glycolytic (FSA II) tumors. A very small increase in oxygenation induced by both treatments was noted in both tumors, and phenformin doesn’t seem to be more effective than metformin. According to these results, metformin seems to be a less good tumor oxygenation modulator compared to other agents tested in the past. Her efficiency, as a tumoral cells sensitizer to radiotherapy, seems to be little likely.

Biguanides --- Metformin

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Metformin. --- Dimethylbiguanidine --- Dimethylguanylguanidine --- Guanidines --- Hypoglycemic agents