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Mexican educator and thinker Jose Vasconcelos is to Latinos what W.E.B. Du Bois is to African Americans--a controversial scholar who fostered an alternative view of the future. In Josè Vasconcelos: The Prophet of Race, his influential 1925 essay, "Mestizaje" key to understanding the role he played in the shaping of multiethnic America--is for the first time showcased and properly analyzed. Freshly translated here by John H. R. Polt, "Mestizaje" suggested that the Brown Race from Latin America was called to dominate the world, a thesis embraced by activists and scholars north and south of the Rio Grande. Ilan Stavans insightfully and comprehensively examines the essay in biographical and historical context, and considers how many in the United States, especially Chicanos during the civil rights era, used it as a platform for their political agenda. The volume also includes Vasconcelos's long-forgotten 1926 Harris Foundation Lecture at the University of Chicago, "The Race Problem in Latin America," where he cautioned the United States that rejecting mestizaje in our own midst will ultimately bankrupt the nation.

Cosmology. --- Mestizaje. --- Mestizos. --- Astronomy --- Deism --- Metaphysics --- Mestizo culture --- Mestizo-ization --- Miscegenation --- Eurindians (Latin America) --- Hispano-Indians (Latin America) --- Mestiços --- Indians --- Latin Americans --- Racially mixed people --- Mixed descent --- Vasconcelos, Jose, --- Calderón, José Vasconcelos, --- Vasconcelos Calderón, José, --- Vaskonselos, Khose, --- Philosophy. --- Criticism and interpretation. --- Latin America --- Race relations. --- Vasconcelos, José, --- Vasconcelos, José

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A partir de un trabajo de campo llevado a cabo en la ciudad de Veracruz, el presente libro pretende hacer énfasis en los modos de categorización y/o identificación étnicos que remitan a la herencia africana en el México urbano y contemporáneo. El objetivo es entender cómo estas formas de identificación se movilizan, modelan, ponen en escena, controvierten, evitan o cuestionan, cómo se insertan dentro de otros modos de identificación y organización de la vida social que se fundan en las diferencias de clase, género, generación o características percibidas –social e históricamente– en términos regionales. A pesar de la larga historia de Veracruz como puerto de llegada del comercio de esclavos africanos y del reconocimiento político gradual de la importancia de la “raíz africana” y del Caribe dentro de la cultura local, muy pocos son los estudios enfocados en los usos sociales de categorías como negro, moreno, afromestizo, afrocaribeño o afrodescendiente. Con sus análisis centrados en las escenas de la vida urbana, en las definiciones de las políticas culturales, en los procesos de transformación urbana o en las lógicas de distinción social, el autor sugiere nuevas pistas de investigación que permitan pensar mejor “el ser ambiguo” de las fronteras étnicas en el marco del proceso de afromestizaje.

Blacks --- Mestizos --- Veracruz (Veracruz-Llave, Mexico) --- Race relations. --- Eurindians (Latin America) --- Hispano-Indians (Latin America) --- Mestiços --- Indians --- Latin Americans --- Racially mixed people --- Black persons --- Negroes --- Ethnology --- Mixed descent --- Vera Cruz (Mexico) --- Veracruz Llave (Mexico) --- Villa Rica de la Vera Cruz (Mexico) --- Vera Cruz (Veracruz-Llave, Mexico) --- Heroica Veracruz (Mexico) --- antropología social --- puerto --- esclavitud --- historia urbana --- Caribe --- México --- identidad cultural --- Veracruz --- mestizaje --- historia de los asentamientos --- Black people

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In the early twentieth century, Peruvian intellectuals, unlike their European counterparts, rejected biological categories of race as a basis for discrimination. But this antiracist ideology did not eliminate social hierarchies; instead, it redefined racial categories as cultural differences, such as differences in education or manners. In "Indigenous Mestizos", Marisol de la Cadena traces the history of the notion of race from this turn-of-the-century definition to a current denial of the definition's scientific validity. De la Cadena's ethnographically and historically rich study examines how indigenous citizens of the city of Cuzco have been conceived by others as well as how they have viewed themselves and places these conceptions within the struggle for political identity and representation.Demonstrating that the terms Indian and mestizo are complex, ambivalent, and influenced by social, legal, and political changes, she provides close readings of everyday concepts such as marketplace identity, religious ritual, grassroots dance, and popular culture, as well as of such common terms as respect, decency, and education. She shows how Indian has come to mean an indigenous person without economic and educational means - one who is illiterate, impoverished, and rural. Mestizo, on the other hand, has come to refer to an urban, usually literate, and economically successful person claiming indigenous heritage and participating in indigenous cultural practices.De la Cadena argues that this version of de-Indianization - which, rather than assimilation, is a complex political negotiation for a dignified identity - does not cancel the economic and political equalities of racism in Peru, although it has made room for some people to reclaim a decolonised Andean cultural heritage. This highly original synthesis of diverse theoretical arguments brought to bear on a series of case studies will be of interest to scholars of cultural anthropology, post-colonialism, race and ethnicity, gender studies, and history, in addition to Latin Americanists.

Mestizos --- Indians of South America --- Racism --- #SBIB:39A74 --- #SBIB:39A6 --- Bias, Racial --- Race bias --- Race prejudice --- Racial bias --- Prejudices --- Anti-racism --- Race relations --- American aborigines --- American Indians --- Indigenous peoples --- Eurindians (Latin America) --- Hispano-Indians (Latin America) --- Mestiços --- Indians --- Latin Americans --- Racially mixed people --- Social conditions. --- Mixed descent --- Etnografie: Amerika --- Etniciteit / Migratiebeleid en -problemen --- Ethnology --- Cuzco (Peru) --- Social conditions --- Critical race theory --- Cusco (Cuzco, Peru) --- Qosqo (Peru) --- Cosco (Peru) --- Cozco (Peru) --- Cusco (Peru) --- Mestizos - Peru - Cuzco - Social conditions --- Indians of South America - Mixed descent - Peru - Cuzco --- Racism - Peru - Cuzco --- Cuzco (Peru) - Social conditions

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This book opens new dimensions on race in Latin America by examining the extreme caste groups of colonial Mexico. In tracing their experiences, a broader understanding of the connection between mestizaje (Latin America's modern ideology of racial mixture) and the colonial caste system is rendered. Before mestizaje emerged as a primary concept in Latin America, an earlier precursor existed that must be taken seriously. This colonial form of racial hybridity, encased in an elastic caste system, allowed some people to live through multiple racial lives. Hence, the great fusion of races that swept Latin America and defined its modernity, carries an important corollary. Mestizaje, when viewed at its roots, is not just about mixture, but also about dissecting and reconnecting lives.  Such experiences may have carved a special ability for some Latin American populations to reach across racial groups to relate with and understand multiple racial perspectives. This overlooked, deep history of mestizaje is a legacy that can be built upon in modern times.

Caste --- Mestizos --- Racially mixed people --- Individual differences --- Group identity --- Social control --- Social conflict --- Sociology --- Liberty --- Pressure groups --- Collective identity --- Community identity --- Cultural identity --- Social identity --- Identity (Psychology) --- Social psychology --- Collective memory --- Differences, Individual --- Difference (Psychology) --- Bi-racial people --- Biracial people --- Interracial people --- Mixed race people --- Mixed-racial people --- Mulattoes --- Multiracial people --- Peoples of mixed descent --- Ethnic groups --- Miscegenation --- Eurindians (Latin America) --- Hispano-Indians (Latin America) --- Mestiços --- Indians --- Latin Americans --- Manners and customs --- History --- Political aspects&delete& --- Mixed descent --- Mexico --- Anáhuac --- Estados Unidos Mexicanos --- Maxico --- Méjico --- Mekishiko --- Meḳsiḳe --- Meksiko --- Meksyk --- Messico --- Mexique (Country) --- República Mexicana --- Stany Zjednoczone Meksyku --- United Mexican States --- United States of Mexico --- מקסיקו --- メキシコ --- Race relations --- History. --- Social conditions --- History of Mexico --- anno 1500-1799 --- anno 1800-1999 --- Political aspects --- Mexican United States

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Through newly unearthed texts virtually unknown in Andean studies, Indians and Mestizos in the "Lettered City" highlights the Andean intellectual tradition of writing in their long-term struggle for social empowerment and questions the previous understanding of the "lettered city" as a privileged space populated solely by colonial elites. Rarely acknowledged in studies of resistance to colonial rule, these writings challenged colonial hierarchies and ethnic discrimination in attempts to redefine the Andean role in colonial society.Scholars have long assumed that Spanish rule remained largely undisputed in Peru between the 1570s and 1780s, but educated elite Indians and mestizos challenged the legitimacy of Spanish rule, criticized colonial injustice and exclusion, and articulated the ideas that would later be embraced in the Great Rebellion in 1781. Their movement extended across the Atlantic as the scholars visited the seat of the Spanish empire to negotiate with the king and his advisors for social reform, lobbied diverse networks of supporters in Madrid and Peru, and struggled for admission to religious orders, schools and universities, and positions in ecclesiastic and civil administration.Indians and Mestizos in the "Lettered City" explores how scholars contributed to social change and transformation of colonial culture through legal, cultural, and political activism, and how, ultimately, their significant colonial critiques and campaigns redefined colonial public life and discourse. It will be of interest to scholars and students of colonial history, colonial literature, Hispanic studies, and Latin American studies.

Political culture --- Social justice --- Anti-imperialist movements --- Learning and scholarship --- Peruvian literature --- Indian authors --- Mestizos --- Indians of South America --- History. --- History and criticism. --- Politics and government. --- Peru --- Intellectual life. --- Ethnic relations. --- Culture --- Political science --- Equality --- Justice --- Anti-colonialism --- Antiimperialist movements --- Social movements --- Imperialism --- National liberation movements --- Erudition --- Scholarship --- Civilization --- Intellectual life --- Education --- Research --- Scholars --- Authors, Indian --- Authors --- Eurindians (Latin America) --- Hispano-Indians (Latin America) --- Mestiços --- Indians --- Latin Americans --- Racially mixed people --- Mixed descent --- Bīrū --- Dēmokratia tou Perou --- Gweriniaeth Periw --- Jumhūrī-i Purū --- Jumhūrīyat Bīrū --- Lýðveldið Peru --- Pearu --- Peiriú --- Periw --- Pérou --- Peru ka Fasojamana --- Perú Kiōng-hô-kok --- Peru Respublikası --- Perua Respubliko --- Peruánská republika --- Peruko Errepublika --- Perun tasavalta --- Peruo --- Peruu --- Peruu Vabariik --- Pheroo --- Piru --- Piruw --- Piruw Suyu --- Pobblaght ny Peroo --- Purū --- Republic of Peru --- República del Perú --- Republica di u Perù --- República do Perú --- República Peruana --- Republiek van Peru --- Republik Peru --- Republika Peru --- Republikken Peru --- République du Pérou --- Rėspublika Peru --- Περού --- Δημοκρατία του Περού --- Рэспубліка Перу --- Република Перу --- Перу --- بيرو --- جمهورية بيرو --- پرو --- ペルー --- Peru-Bolivian Confederation --- Politics and government --- History --- History and criticism --- Ethnic relations --- Indians of South America - Peru - Politics and government --- Mestizos - Peru - Politics and government --- Indian authors - Peru - History --- Peruvian literature - Indian authors - History and criticism --- Learning and scholarship - Peru - History --- Anti-imperialist movements - Peru - History --- Social justice - Peru - History --- Political culture - Peru - History --- Peru - Ethnic relations --- Peru - Intellectual life