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The present Special Issue brings together recent research findings from renowned scientists in the field of water treatment and assembled contributions on advanced technologies applied to the treatment of wastewater and drinking water, with emphasis on novel membrane treatment technologies. 12 research contributions have highlighted various processes and technologies, which can achieve effective treatment and purification of wastewater and of drinking water, aiming (occasionally) for water reuse. The main topics which are analyzed are the use of novel type membranes in bioreactors, the use of modified membranes, for example using vacuum membrane distillation, the fouling of membranes, the problem of arsenic, antimony and chromium contamination in groundwaters and its removal and the use of novel technologies for more efficient ozonation.

hollow fiber membranes --- modeling --- small sized powdered ferric hydroxide --- ceramic membranes --- multiphase --- antimony treatment --- winery effluents --- fouling --- municipal wastewater sludge --- particle size distribution --- ultrafiltration --- coagulation --- HA–BSA mixtures --- Sb(III) --- water treatment --- chromate --- separation --- backwash duration --- water crisis --- adsorption --- dewatering --- hexavalent chromium --- arsenic adsorption --- polydimethylsiloxane --- vacuum membrane distillation --- co-treatment --- desalination --- arsenic --- mass transfer --- produced water treatment --- membranes --- process control --- membrane resistance --- granular ferric hydroxide --- ozonation --- Membrane Bioreactor --- hollow fibre --- crossflow membrane filtration --- microfiltration --- membrane filtration --- xDLVO theory --- Fe-based coagulants --- wastewater treatment --- cake resistance --- Sb(V) --- peroxone --- temperature --- drinking water --- trickling biofilter --- natural organic matter (NOM) --- antimony --- second cheese whey --- sodium alginate --- optical sensors --- bioethanol recovery --- membrane fouling --- interaction energy --- TMP --- adsorption kinetics --- water matrix --- multivariate statistics --- polluted waters --- natural organic matter --- operation --- solution conditions --- biofilm membrane bioreactor

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The present Special Issue brings together recent research findings from renowned scientists in the field of water treatment and assembled contributions on advanced technologies applied to the treatment of wastewater and drinking water, with emphasis on novel membrane treatment technologies. 12 research contributions have highlighted various processes and technologies, which can achieve effective treatment and purification of wastewater and of drinking water, aiming (occasionally) for water reuse. The main topics which are analyzed are the use of novel type membranes in bioreactors, the use of modified membranes, for example using vacuum membrane distillation, the fouling of membranes, the problem of arsenic, antimony and chromium contamination in groundwaters and its removal and the use of novel technologies for more efficient ozonation.

hollow fiber membranes --- modeling --- small sized powdered ferric hydroxide --- ceramic membranes --- multiphase --- antimony treatment --- winery effluents --- fouling --- municipal wastewater sludge --- particle size distribution --- ultrafiltration --- coagulation --- HA–BSA mixtures --- Sb(III) --- water treatment --- chromate --- separation --- backwash duration --- water crisis --- adsorption --- dewatering --- hexavalent chromium --- arsenic adsorption --- polydimethylsiloxane --- vacuum membrane distillation --- co-treatment --- desalination --- arsenic --- mass transfer --- produced water treatment --- membranes --- process control --- membrane resistance --- granular ferric hydroxide --- ozonation --- Membrane Bioreactor --- hollow fibre --- crossflow membrane filtration --- microfiltration --- membrane filtration --- xDLVO theory --- Fe-based coagulants --- wastewater treatment --- cake resistance --- Sb(V) --- peroxone --- temperature --- drinking water --- trickling biofilter --- natural organic matter (NOM) --- antimony --- second cheese whey --- sodium alginate --- optical sensors --- bioethanol recovery --- membrane fouling --- interaction energy --- TMP --- adsorption kinetics --- water matrix --- multivariate statistics --- polluted waters --- natural organic matter --- operation --- solution conditions --- biofilm membrane bioreactor

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This book is a collation of articles published in the Special Issue "CESE-2019: Applications of Membranes" in the journal Sustainability. It contains a wide variety of topics such as the removal of trace organic contaminants using combined direct contact membrane distillation–UV photolysis; evaluating the feasibility of forward osmosis in diluting reverse osmosis concentrate; tailoring the effects of titanium dioxide (TiO2) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in the separation and antifouling performance of thin-film composite polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane; enhancing the antibacterial properties of PVDF membrane by surface modification using TiO2 and silver nanoparticles; and reviews on membrane fouling in membrane bioreactor (MBR) systems and recent advances in the prediction of fouling in MBRs. The book is suitable for postgraduate students and researchers working in the field of membrane applications for treating aqueous solutions.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- membrane fouling --- influencing factors --- control method --- biofouling --- fertilizers --- flat sheet --- flux --- forward osmosis (FO) --- hollow fibre --- reverse osmosis (RO) --- polyvinylidene fluoride membrane (PVDF) --- titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NP) --- silver nanoparticles (AgNP) --- antibacterial property --- antifouling property --- photodegradation --- membrane distillation --- halide ions --- nitrate ions --- carbonate ions --- humic acid --- trace organic contaminants --- dip-coating --- dyes --- membrane --- nanocomposite --- polyvinylidene fluoride --- titanium dioxide --- artificial neural network --- mathematical model --- membrane bioreactor --- fouling prediction --- n/a

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The toxicity and fate of pharmaceuticals and other emerging micro-organic contaminants in the natural and built environments have been the focus of much research over the last twenty years. Particular focus has recently centred on the fate of antimicrobial chemicals, including antibiotics and antifungals. The occurrence of such chemicals in the environment is thought to contribute to the selection of resistance in exposed microorganisms.This Special Issue (SI) brings together a broad range of recent advances in the field of emerging micro-organic contaminants, ranging from medicinal contaminants to industrial chemicals in the environment. Notably, these range from chemical extraction and large-scale analysis to adverse effects on non-target aquatic organisms and potential risk to humans via contaminated foodstuffs. Additionally, this Special Issue also presents novel contaminant treatment/degradation methods of both physical and biological nature.

chitosan --- risk assessment --- n/a --- di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) --- Escherichia coli --- picolinic acid --- degradation --- 6-hydroxypicolinic acid --- biosorption --- coagulation --- qPCR --- global monitoring --- Pseudomonas putida --- basic buffer --- validation --- ethyl tert-butyl ether --- wastewater --- sewage treatment --- crustacean --- ETBE biodegradation --- ethB gene --- veterinary drug --- water quality --- tetracyclines --- micropollutants --- bacterial community --- antibiotics --- Membrane Bioreactor --- UPLC MS/MS --- bisphenol A (BPA) --- GAC-biofilter --- shrimp --- vitellogenin (VTG) --- hormones --- polluted aquifer --- biodegradation --- Rhodococcus --- sewage sludge --- ion suppression --- ozone --- pharmaceutical residues --- beta-lactams --- espresso coffee machine extraction --- mass spectrometry --- dye decolorization --- chlorination --- pressurized hot water extraction --- immobilization --- ARGs --- pharmaceuticals --- organic pollutants --- residue --- perfluorinated compounds --- liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry --- activated carbon --- irgarol --- fuel oxygenates

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This book examines the state-of-the-art water and wastewater treatment methods that can be applied to develop a sustainable treatment technique in the future. Of the several high-quality articles submitted, twelve were published after the peer-review process, with an acceptance rate of 59 percent. In the first section of this book, the articles include the occurrence and removal of emerging contaminants in water bodies. Moreover, the presence of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in water sources is discussed in detail. Subsequently, the removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), and dye with different physicochemical methods is investigated. In another section of this book, the removal of ammonia with anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is studied. Additionally, the elimination of heavy metals using the adsorption process, as an effective method, is discussed. Moreover, the performance of membrane bioreactors in the elimination of pollutants from landfill leachate is investigated in another article in this book. In addition to this, green and sustainable wastewater technologies (GSWTs) have recently attracted the attention of researchers. Therefore, nanoremediation and microalgae-based systems are discussed as the GSWTs.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- natural coagulant --- production --- characterisation --- application --- microalgae harvesting --- cost analysis --- coagulation and flocculation --- chitosan --- powder activated carbon --- hexadecylamine --- hybrid adsorbent --- regeneration --- Fe (VI) oxidation --- chemical oxygen demand --- polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons --- central composite design --- RSM --- poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) --- toxicology --- PFAS health risk --- regulatory values --- anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) --- Patescibacteria --- Candidate phyla radiation --- Candidatus Brocadia sinica --- Candidatus Jettenia caeni --- metagenomic analysis --- biological nitrogen removal --- wastewater treatment --- chromium --- functional groups --- isotherm --- rice husk --- anthropogenic substances --- disinfection --- wastewater --- poultry slaughterhouse wastewater --- microfiltration --- ultrafiltration --- nanofiltration --- reverse osmosis --- environmental ecotoxicity --- nanoremediation --- nZVI --- CNTs --- remediation process --- soil remediation --- stabilized leachate --- membrane fabrication --- filtration technology --- phase inversion technique --- powdered activated carbon (PAC) --- bio-membrane --- multi-integrated system --- expanded granular bed reactor --- anaerobic digestion --- activated sludge --- membrane bioreactor --- natural coagulation --- chemical coagulation --- pharmaceuticals --- Moringa oleifera --- green treatment technology --- n/a