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This book traces the rise and decline of Gilberto Freyre's vision of racial and cultural mixture (mestiçagem - or race mixing) as the defining feature of Brazilian culture in the twentieth century. Eakin traces how mestiçagem moved from a conversation among a small group of intellectuals to become the dominant feature of Brazilian national identity, demonstrating how diverse Brazilians embraced mestiçagem, via popular music, film and television, literature, soccer, and protest movements. The Freyrean vision of the unity of Brazilians built on mestiçagem begins a gradual decline in the 1980s with the emergence of an identity politics stressing racial differences and multiculturalism. The book combines intellectual history, sociological and anthropological field work, political science, and cultural studies for a wide-ranging analysis of how Brazilians - across social classes - became Brazilians.

National characteristics, Brazilian. --- Racially mixed people --- Blacks --- Multiculturalism --- Cultural diversity policy --- Cultural pluralism --- Cultural pluralism policy --- Ethnic diversity policy --- Social policy --- Anti-racism --- Ethnicity --- Cultural fusion --- Brazilian national characteristics --- Race identity --- Government policy --- Freyre, Gilberto, --- Mello Freyre, Gilberto de, --- Freire, Gilberto, --- Melo Freyre, Gilberto de, --- Criticism and interpretation. --- Brazil --- Race relations. --- Civilization --- Intellectual life --- Black persons --- Negroes --- Ethnology --- Black people