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Technology --- Technology and civilization --- Technologie --- Technologie et civilisation --- History --- Histoire --- Mediterranean Region --- Méditerranée, Région de la --- Mediterranean world --- History of technology

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In a world where princesses found themselves enslaved, kidnapped boys became army generals, and biblical Joseph was a role model, this book narrates the formation of the Middle Ages from the point of view of slavery, and outlines a new approach to enhance our understanding of modern forms of enslavement. Offering an analysis of recent scholarship and an array of sources, never before studied together, from distinct societies and cultures of the first millennium, it challenges the traditional dichotomy between ancient and medieval slaveries. Revealing the dynamic, versatile, and adaptable character of slavery it presents an innovative definition of slavery as a historical process.

Slavery --- History --- Abolition of slavery --- Antislavery --- Enslavement --- Mui tsai --- Ownership of slaves --- Servitude --- Slave keeping --- Slave system --- Slaveholding --- Thralldom --- Crimes against humanity --- Serfdom --- Slaveholders --- Enslaved persons --- Mediterranean World. --- Middle Ages. --- freedom. --- slavery.

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Poverty --- Wealth --- Rich people --- Poor --- Pauvreté --- Richesse --- Riches --- Pauvres --- Religious aspects --- Islam. --- History --- Aspect religieux --- Islam --- Histoire --- Pauvreté --- Muslim Mediterranean World - History - Middle Ages-20th Century - Poverty and Wealth. --- Poverty - Religious aspects - Islam. --- Wealth - Religious aspects - Islam. --- Rich people - Mediterranean Region. --- Poor - Mediterranean Region. --- Rich people - Islamic countries. --- Poor - Islamic countries.

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Classifying Christians investigates late antique Christian heresiologies as ethnographies that catalogued and detailed the origins, rituals, doctrines, and customs of the heretics in explicitly polemical and theological terms. Oscillating between ancient ethnographic evidence and contemporary ethnographic writing, Todd S. Berzon argues that late antique heresiology shares an underlying logic with classical ethnography in the ancient Mediterranean world. By providing an account of heresiological writing from the second to fifth century, Classifying Christians embeds heresiology within the historical development of imperial forms of knowledge that have shaped western culture from antiquity to the present.

Church history --- Christian heresies --- History --- ancient mediterranean world. --- anthropology. --- christian heresiologies. --- christian religion. --- christian state church. --- christianity. --- christians. --- customs. --- doctrines. --- ethnographic research. --- fifth century history. --- fourth century history. --- heresiology. --- heresy. --- history of religion. --- imperial forms of knowledge. --- late antique theological polemics. --- late antiquity. --- origins. --- religion. --- religious history. --- religious studies. --- retrospective. --- rituals. --- second century history. --- study of heresy. --- theology. --- third century. --- western culture.

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The peoples who inhabited Europe during the two millennia before the Roman conquests had established urban centers, large-scale production of goods such as pottery and iron tools, a money economy, and elaborate rituals and ceremonies. Yet as Peter Wells argues here, the visual world of these late prehistoric communities was profoundly different from those of ancient Rome's literate civilization and today's industrialized societies. Drawing on startling new research in neuroscience and cognitive psychology, Wells reconstructs how the peoples of pre-Roman Europe saw the world and their place in it. He sheds new light on how they communicated their thoughts, feelings, and visual perceptions through the everyday tools they shaped, the pottery and metal ornaments they decorated, and the arrangements of objects they made in their ritual places--and how these forms and patterns in turn shaped their experience. How Ancient Europeans Saw the World offers a completely new approach to the study of Bronze Age and Iron Age Europe, and represents a major challenge to existing views about prehistoric cultures. The book demonstrates why we cannot interpret the structures that Europe's pre-Roman inhabitants built in the landscape, the ways they arranged their settlements and burial sites, or the complex patterning of their art on the basis of what these things look like to us. Rather, we must view these objects and visual patterns as they were meant to be seen by the ancient peoples who fashioned them.

Iron age --- Bronze age --- Symbolism. --- Antiquities, Prehistoric --- Material culture --- Prehistoric peoples --- Civilization --- Representation, Symbolic --- Symbolic representation --- Mythology --- Emblems --- Signs and symbols --- Prehistoric antiquities --- Prehistoric archaeology --- Prehistory --- Culture --- Folklore --- Technology --- Cavemen (Prehistoric peoples) --- Early man --- Man, Prehistoric --- Prehistoric human beings --- Prehistoric humans --- Human beings --- Primitive societies --- Bronze Age. --- Celtic objects. --- Early Bronze Age. --- Germanic style. --- Iron Age. --- Late Iron Age. --- Mediterranean world. --- Middle Ages. --- Middle Iron Age. --- Roman conquest. --- Rome. --- actions. --- artifacts. --- bowls. --- burial chambers. --- clothing pins. --- coinage. --- coins. --- cups. --- fibulae. --- focus. --- frame. --- graves. --- houses. --- imagery. --- integration. --- jars. --- landscape. --- late prehistoric Europe. --- light. --- material culture. --- metal ornaments. --- objects. --- optical process. --- ornament. --- performance. --- physiological process. --- pottery. --- pre-Roman Europe. --- prehistoric community. --- prehistoric culture. --- ritual. --- safety pins. --- scabbard. --- settlement. --- settlements. --- social contact. --- social context. --- space. --- sword. --- tools. --- trade. --- vision. --- visual patterns. --- visual perception. --- visual word. --- visual world. --- visualization. --- writing.