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Although the subject of federally mandated Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) has been extensively debated, we actually do not know much about what takes place when they convene. The story of how IRBs work today is a story about their past as well as their present, and Behind Closed Doors is the first book to meld firsthand observations of IRB meetings with the history of how rules for the treatment of human subjects were formalized in the United States in the decades after World War II. Drawing on extensive archival sources, Laura Stark reconstructs the daily lives of scientists, lawyers, administrators, and research subjects working-and "warring"-on the campus of the National Institutes of Health, where they first wrote the rules for the treatment of human subjects. Stark argues that the model of group deliberation that gradually crystallized during this period reflected contemporary legal and medical conceptions of what it meant to be human, what political rights human subjects deserved, and which stakeholders were best suited to decide. She then explains how the historical contingencies that shaped rules for the treatment of human subjects in the postwar era guide decision making today-within hospitals, universities, health departments, and other institutions in the United States and across the globe. Meticulously researched and gracefully argued, Behind Closed Doors will be essential reading for sociologists and historians of science and medicine, as well as policy makers and IRB administrators.
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As an Institutional Review Board (IRB) member, you must balance two interests. Your committee protects subjects and it permits the research that improves our health and lives. Balanced Ethics Review, drawing on basic principles of ethics and regulation, explains how to conduct this balancing task. It does not always provide the answer to knotty questions—that is your job—but it suggests a way of thinking, one that will help you reach morally-justified decisions that respect both subject welfare and our shared need for the fruits of research.
Ethics Committees, Research --- Human Experimentation --- Ethics Committees --- Investigative Techniques --- Research --- Biomedical Research --- Professional Staff Committees --- Ethics --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Science --- Quality Assurance, Health Care --- Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation --- Humanities --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Professional Practice --- Health Care --- Organization and Administration --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Health Services Administration --- Medical ethics. --- Medicine --- Human experimentation in medicine --- Institutional review boards (Medicine) --- Moral and ethical aspects. --- Boards, Institutional review (Medicine) --- IRBs (Medicine) --- Medical institutional review boards --- Review boards, Institutional (Medicine) --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Biomedical ethics --- Clinical ethics --- Ethics, Medical --- Health care ethics --- Medical care --- Moral and ethical aspects --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Bioethics --- Professional ethics --- Nursing ethics --- Social medicine --- Medical ethics committees --- Evaluation --- Anthropology. --- Epidemiology. --- Psychiatry. --- Public Health. --- Medicine and psychology --- Mental health --- Psychology, Pathological --- Diseases --- Public health --- Human beings --- Public health. --- Community health --- Health services --- Hygiene, Public --- Hygiene, Social --- Public health services --- Public hygiene --- Social hygiene --- Health --- Human services --- Biosecurity --- Health literacy --- Medicine, Preventive --- National health services --- Sanitation --- Primitive societies --- Social sciences
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