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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

Thy-1 --- CD90 --- Signal Transduction --- cell-cell interaction --- Cell-matrix interaction --- Scaffold --- Nanodomains --- integrin --- Mechanotransduction --- Cancer

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A large literature exists on trabecular and cortical bone morphology. The engineering performance of bone, implied from its 3d architecture, is often the endpoint of bone biology experiments, being clinically relevant to bone fracture. How and why does bone travel along its complex spatio-temporal trajectory to acquire its architecture? The question "why" can have two meanings. The first, "teleological - why is an architecture advantageous?" – is the domain of substantial biomechanical research to date. The second, "etiological – how did an architecture come about?" – has received far less attention. This Frontiers Bone Research Topic invited contributions addressing this "etiological why" – what mechanisms can coordinate the activity of bone forming and resorbing cells to produce the observed complex and efficient bone architectures? One mechanism is proposed – chaotic nonlinear pattern formation (NPF) which underlies – in a unifying way – natural structures as disparate as trabecular bone, swarms of birds flying or shoaling fish, island formation, fluid turbulence and others. At the heart of NPF is the fact that simple rules operating between interacting elements multiplied and repeated many times, lead to complex and structured patterns. This paradigm of growth and form leads to a profound link between bone regulation and its architecture: in bone "the architecture is the regulation". The former is the emergent consequence of the latter. Whatever mechanism does determine bone's developing architecture has to operate at the level of individual sites of formation and resorption and coupling between the two. This has implications as to how we understand the effect on bone of agents such as gene products or drugs. It may be for instance that the "tuning" of coupling between formation and resorption might be as important as the achievement of enhanced bone volume. The ten articles that were contributed to this Topic were just what we hoped for – a snapshot of leading edge bone biology research which addresses the question of how bone gets its shape. We hope that you find these papers thought-provoking, and that they might stimulate new ideas in the research into bone architecture, growth and adaptation, and how to preserve healthy bone from gestation and childhood until old age.

Bone architecture --- coupling --- Bone biomaterials --- remodelling --- Trabecular bone --- morphometry --- Mechanotransduction --- Growth and Development --- Nonlinear pattern formation --- Cortical bone --- Bone architecture --- coupling --- Bone biomaterials --- remodelling --- Trabecular bone --- morphometry --- Mechanotransduction --- Growth and Development --- Nonlinear pattern formation --- Cortical bone

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A large literature exists on trabecular and cortical bone morphology. The engineering performance of bone, implied from its 3d architecture, is often the endpoint of bone biology experiments, being clinically relevant to bone fracture. How and why does bone travel along its complex spatio-temporal trajectory to acquire its architecture? The question "why" can have two meanings. The first, "teleological - why is an architecture advantageous?" – is the domain of substantial biomechanical research to date. The second, "etiological – how did an architecture come about?" – has received far less attention. This Frontiers Bone Research Topic invited contributions addressing this "etiological why" – what mechanisms can coordinate the activity of bone forming and resorbing cells to produce the observed complex and efficient bone architectures? One mechanism is proposed – chaotic nonlinear pattern formation (NPF) which underlies – in a unifying way – natural structures as disparate as trabecular bone, swarms of birds flying or shoaling fish, island formation, fluid turbulence and others. At the heart of NPF is the fact that simple rules operating between interacting elements multiplied and repeated many times, lead to complex and structured patterns. This paradigm of growth and form leads to a profound link between bone regulation and its architecture: in bone "the architecture is the regulation". The former is the emergent consequence of the latter. Whatever mechanism does determine bone's developing architecture has to operate at the level of individual sites of formation and resorption and coupling between the two. This has implications as to how we understand the effect on bone of agents such as gene products or drugs. It may be for instance that the "tuning" of coupling between formation and resorption might be as important as the achievement of enhanced bone volume. The ten articles that were contributed to this Topic were just what we hoped for – a snapshot of leading edge bone biology research which addresses the question of how bone gets its shape. We hope that you find these papers thought-provoking, and that they might stimulate new ideas in the research into bone architecture, growth and adaptation, and how to preserve healthy bone from gestation and childhood until old age.

Bone architecture --- coupling --- Bone biomaterials --- remodelling --- Trabecular bone --- morphometry --- Mechanotransduction --- Growth and Development --- Nonlinear pattern formation --- Cortical bone

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Signal Transduction, 2e, is a thorough, well-illustrated study in cellular signaling processes. Beginning with the basics, this book shows how cells respond to external cues, hormones, growth factors, cytokines, cell surfaces, etc., and further instructs how these inputs are integrated. Instruction continues with up-to-date, inclusive coverage of intracellular calcium, nuclear receptors, tyrosine protein kinases and adaptive immunity, and targeting transduction pathways for research and medical intervention. Signal Transduction, 2e, serves as an invaluable resource

Pharmaceutical chemistry --- Drugs --- Chimie pharmaceutique --- Médicaments --- Design --- Conception --- Pharmaceutical chemistry. --- Chimie pharmaceutique (Trad. du MeSH) --- Modèles chimiques (Trad. du MeSH) --- Chimie pharmaceutique. --- Pharmaceutical Preparations --- Design. --- Conception. --- chemistry. (MeSH - aucune traduction) --- Chemical models. --- Drugs. --- Pharmaceutical Preparations. --- Chemistry, Pharmaceutical --- Models, Chemical --- Chemistry --- Models, Theoretical --- Pharmacology --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Investigative Techniques --- Biological Science Disciplines --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Pharmacy, Therapeutics, & Pharmacology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Médicaments --- Drug design --- Pharmaceutical design --- Drug development --- Chemistry, Medical and pharmaceutical --- Drug chemistry --- Medical chemistry --- Medicinal chemistry --- Pharmacochemistry --- Cellular signal transduction. --- Mechanotransduction, Cellular --- Cellular Mechanotransduction --- Mechanosensory Transduction --- Signal Transduction, Mechanical --- Mechanical Signal Transduction --- Transduction, Mechanosensory --- Podosomes --- Mechanoreceptors --- Cellular information transduction --- Information transduction, Cellular --- Signal transduction, Cellular --- Bioenergetics --- Cellular control mechanisms --- Information theory in biology --- Signal Transduction. --- Transduction du signal cellulaire --- Cellular signal transduction --- ELSEVIER-B EPUB-LIV-FT --- Cellular control mechanisms. --- Cell regulation --- Biological control systems --- Cell metabolism --- chemistry

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All living cells are able to detect and translate environmental stimuli into biologically meaningful signals. Sensations of touch, hearing, sight, taste, smell or pain are essential to the survival of all living organisms. The importance of sensory input for the existence of life thus justifies the effort made to understand its molecular origins. Sensing with Ion Channels focuses on ion channels as key molecules enabling biological systems to sense and process the physical and chemical stimuli that act upon cells in their living environment. Its aim is to serve as a reference to ion channel specialists and as a source of new information to non specialists who want to learn about the structural and functional diversity of ion channels and their role in sensory physiology.

Ion channels --- Canaux ioniques --- EPUB-LIV-FT LIVPHYSI SPRINGER-B --- Ion channels. --- Mechanotransduction, Cellular. --- Sensory receptors. --- Mechanicoreceptors --- Physics. --- Bioorganic chemistry. --- Biochemistry. --- Cell biology. --- Biophysics. --- Biological physics. --- Biophysics and Biological Physics. --- Biochemistry, general. --- Cell Biology. --- Bioorganic Chemistry. --- Mechanoreceptors. --- Sensory receptors --- Channels, Ion --- Biological transport, Active --- Ion-permeable membranes --- Membrane proteins --- Cytology. --- Biological and Medical Physics, Biophysics. --- Bio-organic chemistry --- Biological organic chemistry --- Biochemistry --- Chemistry, Organic --- Cell biology --- Cellular biology --- Biology --- Cells --- Cytologists --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Chemistry --- Medical sciences --- Composition --- Biological physics --- Physics