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Crowdfunding is increasingly becoming a method of mobilizing project finance ventures, particularly in a sharing economy. Moreover, the element of risk sharing which is found in equity crowdfunding makes up the essence of Islamic finance. However, as with any type of risk-sharing contract, Islamic crowdfunding faces the problem of lack of trust and information asymmetry. The author employs a game theory approach to Islamic crowdfunding as a means to tackle the issue of information asymmetry through a "reputation mechanism" which is touted as one of the latest means of solving information asymmetry in web-based social networks. The primary objective of the reputation mechanism is to enable more efficient transactions in communities where cooperation is compromised by post-contractual opportunism or information asymmetry. The game theory approach in this study involves two different games: "without Fame" and "with Fame", and it is proposed that a "with Fame" crowdfunding game produces better results. The reputational mechanism in this research was also designed specifically to eliminate any potential moral hazards and minimize information asymmetry. In this study, "Fame" refers to the credibility of every individual within the crowdfunding system. Fame is a form of systematic, measurable and computable (implicit and explicit) reputation, which allows other members of the crowdfunding social network to better learn about the individual and their credibility.

Reputation --- Crowd funding --- Data processing. --- Asymmetric Information. --- Crowdfunding. --- Mechanism Design. --- Sharing Economy.

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Obwohl in fiskalföderalen Systemen Konsens über die Vorteilhaftigkeit der dezentralen Bereitstellung öffentlicher Güter besteht, zeigen sich große Unterschiede bei der Ausgestaltung von Finanzausgleichssystemen. Diese Unterschiede werden hier aus dem Blickwinkel der Anreizwirkungen analysiert. Dabei zeigt sich, dass die Anreizwirkungen wesentlich von der Informationsverteilung zwischen den Akteuren abhängen. Das Buch diskutiert sowohl die «Theorien der ersten Generation» ohne Informationsasymmetrien und unter Annahme eines wohlmeinenden Sozialplaners, als auch die «Theorien der zweiten Generation» mit Informationsasymmetrien und eigennützig handelnden Akteuren. Auf Grundlage dieser Erkenntnisse wird abschließend ein anreizeffizienter Finanzausgleich bei Informationsasymmetrie entworfen.

Public administration --- Economic theory & philosophy --- Behavioural economics --- Political economy --- Anreizwirkungen --- Auktionstheorie --- Finanzausgleich --- Finanzausgleichssystemen --- Finanzausgleichsyst --- Föderalismus --- Kirn --- Mechanism Design --- Public Choice

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"Models in Microeconomic Theory covers basic models in current microeconomic theory. Part I (Chapters 1-7) presents models of an economic agent, discussing abstract models of preferences, choice, and decision making under uncertainty, before turning to models of the consumer, the producer, and monopoly. Part II (Chapters 8-14) introduces the concept of equilibrium, beginning, unconventionally, with the models of the jungle and an economy with indivisible goods, and continuing with models of an exchange economy, equilibrium with rational expectations, and an economy with asymmetric information. Part III (Chapters 15-16) provides an introduction to game theory, covering strategic and extensive games and the concepts of Nash equilibrium and subgame perfect equilibrium. Part IV (Chapters 17-20) gives a taste of the topics of mechanism design, matching, the axiomatic analysis of economic systems, and social choice.The book focuses on the concepts of model and equilibrium. It states models and results precisely, and provides proofs for all results. It uses only elementary mathematics (with almost no calculus), although many of the proofs involve sustained logical arguments. It includes about 150 exercises.With its formal but accessible style, this textbook is designed for undergraduate students of microeconomics at intermediate and advanced levels."

Microeconomics. --- Price theory --- Economics --- microeconomic theory; basic models; models of an economic agent; equilibrium; game theory; mechanism design; matching; axiomatic analysis of economic systems; social choice; undergraduate students; microeconomics --- microeconomic theory --- basic models --- models of an economic agent --- equilibrium --- game theory --- mechanism design --- matching --- axiomatic analysis of economic systems --- social choice --- undergraduate students --- microeconomics

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Nanotribology --- nanomechanics --- Biomimetic mechanism & design --- Tissue engineering --- biomimetic robotics --- Biomimetics --- Bionics --- Biomimetics. --- Bionics. --- Intellectronics --- Bioengineering --- Biophysics --- Cybernetics --- Simulation methods --- Systems engineering --- Biomimicry --- Chemicals --- Bionic --- Models, Biological --- Bio-inspired Engineering --- Biomimicry Engineering --- Biomimicry Science --- Mimetics, Biological --- Bio inspired Engineering --- Bio-inspired Engineerings --- Biological Mimetic --- Biological Mimetics --- Biomimetic --- Biomimicry Engineerings --- Biomimicry Sciences --- Engineering, Bio-inspired --- Engineering, Biomimicry --- Engineerings, Bio-inspired --- Engineerings, Biomimicry --- Mimetic, Biological --- Science, Biomimicry --- Sciences, Biomimicry --- Biological Mimicry --- nanomechanics --- nanotribology --- tissue engineering --- biomimetic mechanism & design --- biomimetic and bioinspired chemistry --- Engineering sciences. Technology

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This 2028 Special Issue presents recent developments and achievements in the field of Mechanism and Machine Science coming from the Italian community with international collaborations and ranging from theoretical contributions to experimental and practical applications. It contains selected contributions that were accepted for presentation at the Second International Conference of IFToMM Italy, IFIT2018, that has been held in Cassino on 29 and 30 November 2018. This IFIT conference is the second event of a series that was established in 2016 by IFToMM Italy in Vicenza. IFIT was established to bring together researchers, industry professionals and students, from the Italian and the international community in an intimate, collegial and stimulating environment.

Technology: general issues --- biomechanical engineering --- wearable robotics --- hand exoskeleton --- mechanism design and optimization --- kinematic analysis --- mechatronics --- Handwheelchair.q --- Disabled sport --- Manual wheelchair --- water wheel --- grain water mill --- wooden teeth gear --- history of mechanism and machine science --- micro-hydro --- renewable energy --- magneto-rheological elastomers --- smart materials --- semi-active isolator --- iron powder --- wearable device --- blood ultrafiltration --- mechatronic device --- renal replacement --- bevel gears --- gear design --- Tredgold --- numerical simulations --- shape memory alloy --- SMA wires --- flexible actuator --- modular actuator --- mathematical model --- experimental test --- tilting pad journal bearing --- nonlinear behavior --- experimental characterization --- stiffness modelling --- performance indices --- condition number --- volumetric isotropy index --- parallel manipulator --- two-stage planetary gearbox --- varying load --- dynamic torque --- efficiency --- rotating machinery --- Intelligent tire --- flex sensor --- PVDF sensor --- energy saving --- vehicle dynamics --- smart systems --- vibroprotection --- seismic --- rolling bearer --- vibration --- non-linear vibrations --- cumulative curves --- singular point --- n/a