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Centralized targeting registries are increasingly used to allocate social assistance benefits in developing countries. There are two key design issues that matter for targeting accuracy: (i) which households to survey for inclusion in the registry and (ii) how to rank surveyed households. The authors attempt to identify their relative importance by evaluating Indonesia's Unified Database for Social Protection Programs (UDB), among the largest targeting registries in the world, used to provide social assistance to over 25 million households. Linking administrative data with an independent household survey, they find that the UDB system is more progressive than previous, program-specific targeting approaches. However, simulating an alternative targeting system based on enumerating all households, they find a one-third reduction in undercoverage of the poor compared to focusing on households registered in the UDB. Overall, there are large gains in targeting performance from improving the initial registration stage relative to the ranking stage.

Poverty --- Poverty Impact Evaluation --- Poverty Reduction --- Proxy-Means Testing --- Social Protection --- Targeting --- Transport --- Urban Development

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In this work, Neil Gilbert argues that the changes in welfare policy we are witnessing in Europe and the US are not marginal adjustments to the borders of the welfare state, but represent a fundamental shift in the philosophy of social protection.

Welfare state. --- Social policy. --- Capitalism. --- Means tests. --- Privatization. --- Denationalization --- Privatisation --- Contracting out --- Corporatization --- Government ownership --- Assets tests (Means tests) --- Eligibility determinations (Means tests) --- Entitlement determinations (Means tests) --- Income tests (Means tests) --- Means testing --- Economic security --- Market economy --- Economics --- Profit --- Capital --- National planning --- State planning --- Economic policy --- Family policy --- Social history --- State, Welfare --- Public welfare --- Social policy --- State, The --- Welfare economics --- Testing

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Alleviating poverty for the elderly requires a different approach from other age groups, and a minimum pension is likely to be the only viable option. This paper examines the impact on old age poverty and the fiscal cost of universal minimum old age pensions in 18 Latin American countries using recent household survey data. First the authors measure old age poverty rates for these countries. Then they discuss the design of minimum pensions schemes - means-tested or not - as well as the disincentives they introduce for the economic and social behavior of households including labor supply, saving and family solidarity. Finally, the authors use household survey data to simulate the fiscal cost and the impact on poverty rates of alternative minimum pension schemes in the 18 countries. They show that a universal minimum pension would substantially reduce poverty among the elderly (except in Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Uruguay where minimum pension systems already exist and poverty rates are low). Such schemes have much to be commended in terms of incentives, spillover effects and administrative simplicity, but they have a high fiscal cost. The latter is a function of the age at which benefits are awarded, the prevailing longevity, the generosity of benefits, the efficacy of means testing, and the fiscal capacity of the country.

Debt Markets --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- Health --- Household survey --- Human Development --- Impact on Poverty --- Income --- Inequality --- Insurance --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Means testing --- Nutrition and Population --- Old Age --- Old age poverty --- Poor --- Poor areas --- Poor countries --- Population Policies --- Poverty gap --- Poverty line --- Poverty rates --- Poverty Reduction --- Price subsidies --- Regional Economic Development --- Rural --- Rural Poverty Reduction --- Social assistance --- Social insurance programs

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An important and original contribution to understandings of the 1930's. Through a comparative case study of south Wales and the north-east of England, the book explores the impact of the highly controversial means test, the relationship between the unemployed and the government and the nature of some of the largest protests of the interwar period.

Unemployment --- Means tests --- Unemployed --- Jobless people --- Out-of-work people --- Unemployed people --- Unemployed workers --- Labor supply --- Persons --- Assets tests (Means tests) --- Eligibility determinations (Means tests) --- Entitlement determinations (Means tests) --- Income tests (Means tests) --- Means testing --- Economic security --- Joblessness --- Employment (Economic theory) --- Full employment policies --- Manpower policy --- Underemployment --- History --- Social aspects --- Social conditions --- Testing --- E-books --- Comparative history. --- Depression. --- Means Test. --- North-East England. --- Protest. --- Social movements. --- Social policy. --- South Wales. --- Unemployment. --- Welfare.

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Indonesia has experienced strong economic growth over the last forty years. At the same time, the proportion of Indonesians living below the poverty line has fallen dramatically. Nonetheless, around 12 percent of Indonesians remain in poverty and another 30 percent remain highly vulnerable to falling into poverty in any given year. In addition, Indonesia has experienced a number of crises in the last two decades, and such shocks are likely to continue in the future in an increasingly integrated global economy. Over the last fifteen years the Government has been developing social assistance programs designed to promote the poor out of poverty and protect poor and vulnerable households from both individual and more widespread shocks. The coverage, design and implementation of these programs continue to be improved as social protection in Indonesia matures, but a number of issues remain. One of the most important, and difficult, is how these programs can accurately target households who need those most. The challenge is to develop a targeting approach which includes most of the poor and vulnerable while minimizing leakage to the rich. At the same time, the system must be feasible, affordable, and accepted and used by all. Furthermore, identifying which households are poor is a difficult task in any developing country, but is particularly so in Indonesia, which has a very large population, a high degree of geographic dispersion, decentralization of much budgetary and operational governance, and frequent entry and exit of households into and from poverty. This evidence-based report builds in part on innovative research done collaboratively with the Government of Indonesia. In this respect Indonesia is contributing to the frontier of global knowledge on targeting, while also drawing on the experience of other countries. Moving from a thorough assessment of the current effectiveness of targeting in Indonesia, the report contains practical and detailed recommendations for the future. In particular, a National Targeting System is proposed, which envisages developing a single registry of potential beneficiaries to target social assistance to the right households, resulting in more accurate and cost-effective targeting outcomes, and ultimately stronger program impacts.

Accountability --- Administrative Costs --- Cash Transfers --- Child Mortality --- Community Involvement --- Conflict --- Corruption --- Data Collection --- Energy Subsidies --- Flexibility --- Food Security --- Gdp --- Good Governance --- Gross Domestic Product --- Health Insurance --- Household Consumption --- Household Income --- Housing --- Human Capital --- Inequality --- Living Standards --- Malnutrition --- Means Testing --- Nutrition --- Political Economy --- Poverty Impact Evaluation --- Poverty Line --- Poverty Monitoring & analysis --- Poverty Reduction --- Rural Poverty Reduction --- Savings --- School Attendance --- Services & Transfers to Poor --- Social Protections & Assistance --- Social Protections and Labor --- Social Safety Nets --- Transparency --- Vulnerable Groups --- Wages