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Well-functioning cities reduce the economic distance between people and economic opportunities. Cities thrive because they enable matchmaking-among people, among firms, and between people and job opportunities. This paper examines employment accessibility in Nairobi, Kenya and evaluates whether modification of land use patterns can contribute to increases in aggregate accessibility. The assessment is based on simulation of counterfactual scenarios of the location of jobs and households throughout the city without new investments in housing or transport infrastructure. The analysis finds that modifications to the spatial layout of Nairobi that encourage land use clustering can increase the share of overall opportunities that can be accessed within a given time-frame. When commuters travel by foot or using the minibus network, the share of accessible economic opportunities within an hour doubles from 11 to 21 percent and from 20 to 42 percent respectively. The analysis also finds that spatial layouts that maximize the number of households that have access to a minimum share of jobs, through a more even jobs-housing balance, come at the expense of average accessibility. This result is interpreted as a trade-off between inclusive and efficient labor markets.

Accessibility --- Labor Market --- Land Use Patterns --- Matchmaking --- Urban Form

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The sharing economy and collaborative consumption are attracting a great deal of interest due to their business, legal and civic implications. The consequences of the spreading of practices of sharing in urban environments and under daily dynamics are underexplored. This Special Issue aims to address if and how sharing shapes cities, the way that spaces are designed and lived in if social interactions are escalated, and the ways that habits and routines take place in post-individualistic society. In particular, the following key questions are of primary interest: Urban fabric: How is ‘sharing’ shaping cities? Does it represent a paradigm shift with tangible and physical reverberations on urban form? How are shared mobility, work, inhabiting reconfiguring the urban and social fabric? Social practices: Are new lifestyles and practices related to sharing changing the use and design of spaces? To what extent is sharing triggering a production and consumption paradigm shift to be reflected in urban arrangements and infrastructures? Sustainability: Does sharing increase the intensity of use of space and assets, or, rather, does it increase them to meet the expectations of convenience for urban lifestyles? To what extent are these phenomena fostering more economically-, socially-, and environmentally-sustainable practices and cities? Policy: How can policy makers and municipalities interact with these bottom-up and phenomena and grassroots innovation to create more sustainable cities? Scholars responded to the above questions from the fields of urban studies, urban planning and design, sociology, geography, theoretically-grounded and informed by the results of fieldwork activities.

Airbnb and policy innovation --- n/a --- accessibility --- Airbnb and housing typologies --- informality --- Melbourne sharing economy --- bike sharing --- local communities --- Airbnb and planning --- Airbnb and domestic design --- mobility policy --- platform cooperativism --- urban regeneration --- Airbnb and governance --- emotions --- democratic quality --- sharing --- urban studies --- stress levels --- sharing platform --- digital participation --- social relations --- spatial agency --- critical autoethnography --- cohousing --- collaborative workplaces --- participation --- Bourdieu --- co-design --- coworking --- entrepreneurial action --- coworking spaces --- Melbourne Airbnb --- coworking business --- collaborative economy --- design-research --- sustainable mobility --- urban mobility --- architecture --- architectural and urban effects of Airbnb --- ageing --- physiological sensors --- GSR --- sharing economic --- social street --- matchmaking --- socio-spatial effects of Airbnb --- sharing economy --- urban --- galvanic skin response --- coproduction --- coworking space --- emotional layer

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"The Relationship People examines the marriage industry and its clients in neoliberal Japan. It addresses what industry professionals are promoting to ease Japan's low rates of marriage and childbirth, what singles are actually doing, and whether focusing on introducing more singles to each other can effectively solve Japan's millennial woes"--

Sociology of the family. Sociology of sexuality --- Demography --- anno 2000-2009 --- anno 2010-2019 --- anno 2020-2029 --- Japan --- Marriage brokerage --- Dating services --- Marriage --- Single people --- 316.356.2 <5> --- 316.356.2 <5> Gezinssociologie--Azië --- Gezinssociologie--Azië --- Agencies, Dating --- Dating agencies --- Matchmaking services --- Services, Dating --- Service industries --- Brokage, Marriage --- Brokerage, Marriage --- Brokers, Marriage --- Arranged marriage --- Mate selection --- People, Single --- People, Unmarried --- Persons, Single --- Persons, Unmarried --- Single persons --- Singles (Persons) --- Unmarried people --- Unmarried persons --- Marital status --- 392.4/.5 <520> --- 392.4/.5 <520> Verloving. Huwelijk. Huwelijksgebruiken. Partnerkeuze. Polyandrie. Polygamie. Monogamie--Japan --- Verloving. Huwelijk. Huwelijksgebruiken. Partnerkeuze. Polyandrie. Polygamie. Monogamie--Japan --- J4174 --- Japan: Sociology and anthropology -- family and interpersonal relations -- marriage and divorce