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Leading scholars investigate media policies in Europe, inquiring into the regulatory practices, policy tools and institutional features of media policy-making in 14 countries. The book offers a fresh assessment of the ways European media policies are formulated and identifies the factors that exert an influence throughout the process

Mass communications --- Europe --- Mass media --- Mass media policy --- Law and legislation --- Mass media and state --- State and mass media --- Communication policy --- Government policy --- Mass media - Law and legislation - European Union countries --- Mass media policy - European Union countries

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Although there appears to be no firm legal basis in the Treaties for EU legislative action aimed specifically at protecting media pluralism, this book opens a number of promising avenues along which a viable legal regime protecting media pluralism may be achieved in the EU. With particular focus on broadcasting, the book examines existing (albeit fragmented) legislative and regulatory measures in competition law and other areas that contribute to this goal, and sets forth ways to strengthen monitoring and transparency, generate "soft law with hard statements", introduce a "pluralism test" in the EU Merger Regulation, promote more public service media, and foster media literacy.Among many other issues arising in the course of the discussion, the author describes and elucidates the following: ; various types of integration of media companies and the different ways they affect pluralism and diversity; limitations of must-carry rules and principles of interoperability; the diverging priorities of different European organizations, institutions and bodies; and contradictory lobbying efforts from industry actors. The author places herself on the culture side of the culture/commodity dilemma, showing why it is vital for regulators to preserve media pluralism by counteracting excessive media concentration and safeguarding quality and diversity of content. In this era which is transforming media and communications industries worldwide, with an ever-increasing plethora of delivery means without respect to national borders, this book is an essential resource for regulators and other concerned policymakers, as well as for lawyers working with any aspect of media.

Mass communications --- European law --- Political sociology --- European Union --- Mass media --- Cultural pluralism --- Law and legislation --- Ownership --- Government policy --- Mass communication --- Media, Mass --- Media, The --- Communication --- Cultural diversity --- Diversity, Cultural --- Diversity, Religious --- Ethnic diversity --- Pluralism (Social sciences) --- Pluralism, Cultural --- Religious diversity --- Culture --- Cultural fusion --- Ethnicity --- Multiculturalism --- Mass media - Law and legislation - European Union countries --- Cultural pluralism - European Union countries --- Mass media - Ownership - Government policy - European Union countries --- Royaume-Uni --- Irlande --- Italie --- Pologne

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Mass media --- Mass media policy --- Information society --- Public policy (Law) --- Public broadcasting --- Law and legislation --- Ordre public --- Public order --- Law --- Non-commercial broadcasting --- Noncommercial broadcasting --- Broadcasting --- Mass media and state --- State and mass media --- Communication policy --- Government policy --- Mass media - Law and legislation - European Union countries --- Mass media policy - European Union countries --- Information society - European Union countries --- Public policy (Law) - European Union countries --- Public broadcasting - Law and legislation - European Union countries

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This book offers a rigorous, theory-based, and uniquely comprehensive, analysis of European and international legal standards shaping minorities’ right to freedom of expression. The analysis pays particular attention to the instrumental role played by traditional and new forms of media in ensuring that the right to freedom of expression of persons belonging to minorities is effective in practice. The relevant international legal framework is set out in detail, including a careful examination of the relationship between generalist and minority-specific international human rights instruments. Due attention is paid to the historical circumstances in which key instruments were developed and the contemporary context in which they are now being interpreted. The analysis is also informed by an awareness of institutional and political dynamics. All of this forms the basis for the book’s central objective: to mount a critical evaluation of the existing international legal framework governing freedom of expression for minorities, while drawing on theoretical insights gained from human rights scholarship and communications science. The first major focus of the evaluation is the regulation and restriction of expression to protect minority rights, in which issues such as pluralism, tolerance and “hate speech” feature centrally. Its second major focus, the regulation and facilitation of expression to promote minority rights, explores cultural and linguistic rights and media access questions.

Mass media and minorities --- Mass média et les minorités --- Mass média et minorités --- Massamedia en minderheden --- Minorités et les mass média --- Minorités et mass média --- Minorités et médias --- Médias et minorités --- Freedom of expression --- Sociology of minorities --- Human rights --- Mass communications --- Minorities --- Mass media --- Civil rights --- Legal status, laws, etc --- Law and legislation --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- Europe --- Ethnic minorities --- Foreign population --- Minority groups --- Persons --- Assimilation (Sociology) --- Discrimination --- Ethnic relations --- Majorities --- Plebiscite --- Race relations --- Segregation --- Minority rights --- Expression, Freedom of --- Free expression --- Liberty of expression --- Minorities - Civil rights --- Minorities - Civil rights - European Union countries --- Minorities - Legal status, laws, etc --- Minorities - Legal status, laws, etc - European Union countries --- Freedom of expression - European Union countries --- Mass media - Law and legislation --- Mass media - Law and legislation - European Union countries --- Minorités --- Liberté d'expression --- Médias --- Statut juridique --- Pays de l'Union européenne