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539.183.2 <063> --- Atomic mass. Isotopes--Congressen --- 539.183.2 <063> Atomic mass. Isotopes--Congressen --- Atomic mass --- Atomic mass. --- Measurement --- Measurement. --- Atomic mass - Congresses --- Atomic mass - Measurement - Congresses

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The top quark, discovered in 1995 at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider, is the heaviest known elementary particle. The precise knowledge of its mass yields important constraints on the mass of the as-yet-undiscovered Higgs boson and allows one to probe for physics beyond the Standard Model. With an excellent adaptation of a novel measurement technique, described and applied here for the first time, the sensitivity to the top quark mass in the dilepton final state at the D0 experiment could be improved by more than 30%. Moreover, an extension to the method is presented which allows future measurements to significantly reduce the main limiting systematic uncertainty.

Dilepton production. --- Mass (Physics) -- Measurement. --- Matrices. --- Quarks. --- Quarks --- Mass (Physics) --- Matrices --- Dilepton production --- Physics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Nuclear Physics --- Measurement --- Measurement. --- Mass measurement --- Physics. --- Particle acceleration. --- Particle Acceleration and Detection, Beam Physics. --- Units of measurement --- Standards of mass --- Particles (Nuclear physics) --- Partons --- Quark-gluon interactions --- Acceleration (Mechanics) --- Nuclear physics --- Acceleration

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This book presents the practical aspects of mass measurements. Concepts of gravitational, inertial and conventional mass and details of the variation of acceleration of gravity are described. The Metric Convention and International Prototype Kilogram and BIPM standards are described. The effect of change of gravity on the indication of electronic balances is derived with respect of latitude, altitude and earth topography. The classification of weights by OIML is discussed. Maximum permissible errors in different categories of weights prescribed by national and international organizations are presented. Starting with the necessity of redefining the unit kilogram in terms of physical constants, various methods of defining the kilogram in terms of physical constants are described. The kilogram can be defined by Avogadro’s constant, ion collection of some heavy elements, levitation, voltage and Watt Balance. The detection of very small mass of the order of zeptogram through Nanotechnolgy is also discussed. Latest recommendations of CIPM are given.

Mass (Physics) -- Measurement. --- Metrology. --- Physics --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Weights & Measures --- Technology - General --- Mass (Physics) --- Measurement. --- Measuring --- Mensuration --- Mass measurement --- Surfaces (Physics). --- Mechanics, applied. --- Measurement Science and Instrumentation. --- Characterization and Evaluation of Materials. --- Theoretical and Applied Mechanics. --- Mathematics --- Technology --- Metrology --- Physical measurements --- Units of measurement --- Standards of mass --- Applied mechanics --- Engineering, Mechanical --- Engineering mathematics --- Surface chemistry --- Surfaces (Technology) --- Physical measurements. --- Measurement   . --- Materials science. --- Mechanics. --- Mechanics, Applied. --- Classical mechanics --- Newtonian mechanics --- Dynamics --- Quantum theory --- Material science --- Physical sciences --- Measurements, Physical --- Mathematical physics --- Measurement

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The selective and quantitative detection of biocomponents is greatly requested in biomedical applications and clinical diagnostics. Many traditional magnetic materials are not suitable for the ever-increasing demands of these processes. The push for a new generation of microscale sensors for bioapplications continues to challenge the materials science community to develop novel nanostructures that are suitable for such purposes. The principal requirements of a new generation of nanomaterials for sensor applications are based on well-known demands: high sensitivity, small size, low power consumption, stability, quick response, resistance to aggressive media, low price, and easy operation by nonskilled personnel. There are different types of magnetic effects capable of creating sensors for biology, medicine, and drug delivery, including magnetoresistance, spin valves, Hall and inductive effects, and giant magnetoimpedance. The present goal is to design nanomaterials both for magnetic markers and sensitive elements as synergetic pairs working in one device with adjusted characteristics of both materials. Synthetic approaches using the advantages of simulation methods and synthetic materials mimicking natural tissue properties can be useful, as can the further development of modeling strategies for magnetic nanostructures.

magnetic multilayers --- magnetoimpedance --- modeling --- magnetic sensors --- magnetic biosensors --- Magnetoimpedance effect --- amorphous ribbons --- patterned ribbons --- meander sensitive element --- magnetic field sensor --- magnetic nanoparticles --- contrast agent --- relaxation --- relaxation rate --- Langevin model --- magnetic field inhomogeneity --- ferrogels --- medical ultrasound --- sonography --- biomedical applications --- magnetic polymersomes --- magnetic vesicles --- magnetoactive composites --- nanocapsules --- coarse-grained molecular dynamics --- computer simulation --- spintronics --- CFA --- thermoelectric effect --- spin seebeck effect --- magneto-impedance --- biosensor --- finite-element method --- magnetic hyperthermia --- specific loss power --- magnetic mixed ferrites --- hysteresis losses --- thermometric measurements --- nanobiotechnology --- nanomedicine --- therapeutics --- biosensing --- magnetoelasticity --- precipitation --- mass measurement --- chemical sensor

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In this book on Fundamentals of Mass Determination, the definition and dissemination of units of mass is explained, starting with an introduction to metrology and mass determination.   Establishing a mass scale requires corresponding mass standards and mass comparators. The metrological requirements for weighing instruments, weight pieces, and measuring conditions are explained and discussed based on international directives and applicable legal regulations. International directives and institutions are striving towards the worldwide uniform implementation of these requirements. Processes used to determine density and volume are described to the extent that they apply to mass determination. Calculating measurement uncertainty entails taking into consideration the effect of influence variables on mass determination. An overview of this topic is provided to make it easier to determine and specify measurement uncertainty in practice, while additional information in the form of tables, illustrations, and literature references allow the reader to study mass metrology further.

Mass spectrometry. --- Spectrum analysis -- Instruments. --- Mass (Physics) --- Standards of mass --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Physics --- Chemical & Materials Engineering --- Mechanical Engineering --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Technology - General --- Materials Science --- Weights & Measures --- Industrial & Management Engineering --- Measurement --- Standards of mass. --- Measurement. --- Mass, Standards of --- Mass measurement --- Engineering. --- Physical measurements. --- Quality control. --- Reliability. --- Industrial safety. --- Materials science. --- Quality Control, Reliability, Safety and Risk. --- Measurement Science and Instrumentation. --- Characterization and Evaluation of Materials. --- Weights and measures --- Units of measurement --- System safety. --- Surfaces (Physics). --- Surface chemistry --- Surfaces (Technology) --- Safety, System --- Safety of systems --- Systems safety --- Accidents --- Industrial safety --- Systems engineering --- Prevention --- Measurement   . --- Material science --- Physical sciences --- Measuring --- Mensuration --- Mathematics --- Technology --- Metrology --- Physical measurements --- Measurements, Physical --- Mathematical physics --- Industrial accidents --- Industries --- Job safety --- Occupational hazards, Prevention of --- Occupational health and safety --- Occupational safety and health --- Prevention of industrial accidents --- Prevention of occupational hazards --- Safety, Industrial --- Safety engineering --- Safety measures --- Safety of workers --- System safety --- Dependability --- Trustworthiness --- Conduct of life --- Factory management --- Industrial engineering --- Reliability (Engineering) --- Sampling (Statistics) --- Standardization --- Quality assurance --- Quality of products