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Martyrdom --- Christian martyrs --- Christianity --- History --- History of doctrines --- Martyrdom - Christianity - History --- Martyrdom - Christianity - History of doctrines --- Christian martyrs - History --- Martyres

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This book examines the historical context of the earliest Christian martyrs, and anchors their grisly and often wilful self-sacrifice to the everyday life and outlook of the cities of the Roman empire. Professor Bowersock begins by investigating both the time and the region in which martyrdom, as we know it, came into being. He also offers comparisons of the Graeco-Roman background with the martyrology of Jews and Muslims. A study of official protocols illuminates the bureaucratic institutions of the Roman state as they applied to the first martyrs; and the martyrdoms themselves are seen within the context of urban life (and public spectacle) in the great imperial cities. By considering martyrdom in relation to suicide, the author is also able to demonstrate the peculiarly Roman character of Christian self-sacrifice in relation to other forms of deadly resistance to authority.

Persecution --- Martyrdom --- Persécutions --- Martyre --- History --- Christianity --- History of doctrines --- Histoire --- Christianisme --- Histoire des doctrines --- Rome --- Politics and government --- Politique et gouvernement --- -Martyrdom --- -Death --- Suffering --- Martyrs --- Christians --- Religious persecution --- Atrocities --- -Christianity --- -History of doctrines --- -Religious aspects --- Religious aspects --- Persecutions --- -Persecution --- -History --- -Rome --- -Christians --- -Persecutions --- Persécutions --- Church history --- Death --- Primitive and early church, ca. 30-600 A.D. --- Martyrdom (Christianity) --- 30 B.C.-476 A.D. --- Arts and Humanities --- Persecution - History - Early church, ca. 30-600 --- Martyrdom - Christianity - History of doctrines - Early church, ca. 30-600 --- Rome - Politics and government - 30 B.C.-476 A.D

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This collection of essays examines Christian martyrdom by locating it in different historical, cultural and social contexts. Chronologically, the book analyses traditions predating the Christian martyr literature and ideology proper, and studies an example of how this ideology was transformed in the post-Constantinian era. Within this chronological span the following contextual themes are discussed : the arena and the values represented by gladiatorial combat and executions ; the reaction of ‘others' to Christian martyrdom and martyr ideology ; how Christians differentiated suicide from martyrdom ; the relationship between Christian apologetic literature and martyr literature ; and the conceptions of gender and sexuality in Jewish and Christian martyr literature in their Greco-Roman setting.

235.3*7 --- 235.3*7 Martelaren --- Martelaren --- Martyrdom --- Christian martyrs --- Martyre --- Martyrs chrétiens --- Märtyrer --- Frühchristentum --- Märtyrer. --- Frühchristentum. --- Martyrs chrétiens --- Persécutions --- Persecution --- History of doctrines --- History --- Christianity --- Christianisme --- Histoire des doctrines --- Histoire --- Church history --- Death --- Suffering --- Martyrs --- Religious aspects --- Christian church history --- anno 1600-1699 --- anno 1500-1599 --- Martyrdom - Christianity - History of doctrines - Early church, ca. 30-600 --- Christian martyrs - History of doctrines - Early church, ca. 30-600 --- Persecution - History - Early church, ca. 30-600 --- Christian martyrs - History - Early church, ca. 30-600

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284.1 "15" --- 284.2 "15" --- Christian martyrs --- -Reformation --- Protestant Reformation --- Reformation --- Church history --- Counter-Reformation --- Protestantism --- Martyrs --- Martyrdom --- 284.2 "15" Calvinistische hervorming. Zwinglianisme. Hervormden--?"15" --- Calvinistische hervorming. Zwinglianisme. Hervormden--?"15" --- 284.1 "15" Lutheraanse hervorming. Reformatie van Luther--?"15" --- Lutheraanse hervorming. Reformatie van Luther--?"15" --- History --- -History --- Christianity --- #A0509HI --- Hervorming (Luther, e.a.) --- Réforme (Luther e.a.) --- Martyrs chrétiens --- Martyre --- -273 --- -Schisma's. Ketterijen --- Reformation. --- History of doctrines --- Death --- Suffering --- Religious aspects --- 273 --- Schisma's. Ketterijen --- History of Europe --- Christian church history --- anno 1600-1699 --- anno 1500-1599 --- Martyrs chrétiens --- Réforme (Christianisme) --- Histoire --- Christianisme --- Histoire des doctrines --- Europe --- 16th century --- Martyrdom (Christianity) --- Martyrdom - Christianity - History of doctrines - 16th century --- Christian martyrs - England - History - 16th century

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The Maccabean Martyrs, Jewish heroes from the era of the persecution of Antiochus IV Epiphanes, were incorporated into the IVth century Christian martyrology. Two Church Fathers, Gregory Nazianzen and John Chrysostom wrote panegyrics in their honour, which are studied and translated in this book. The first part shows how, since the beginning, the Church referred to these martyrs as biblical examples known through 2 and 4 Maccabees. The second part describes, through the eulogies of Gregory and John, the circumstances surrounding the creation of the Christian Feast. The third part analyzes the preaching built around the story of the Maccabean martyrs, where, following the 4 M model, Eleazar, the seven brothers and their mother are established as examples of virtue and asceticism for the edification of all Christians. The book investigates an original aspect of the cult of martyrs : the christianisation of jewish martyrs killed defending the Law, and sheds light on the sometimes contradictory preaching choices of Gregory and John to respond to the jewish roots of this cult. *** Les martyrs Maccabées, héros juifs de la persécution d’Antiochus IV Epiphane, furent intégrés dans le martyrologe chrétien au IVè siècle. À la même époque, en Orient, deux Pères de l’Eglise, Grégoire de Nazianze et Jean Chrysostome, ont prononcé des discours panégyriques en leur honneur, étudiés et traduits dans ce livre. La première partie montre comment, depuis l’origine, l’Eglise citait comme exemples bibliques ces martyrs connus par le Deuxième et le Quatrième livre des Maccabées . La deuxième partie décrit, au travers des panégyriques de Grégoire et de Jean, les circonstances qui ont marqué l’instauration de la fête chrétienne dédiée à ces martyrs. La troisième partie analyse la prédication adressée aux fidèles à partir de l’épisode maccabéen, Eléazar, les sept frères et leur Mère devenant, sur le modèle de 4 M, des exemples de vertus et d’ascèse proposés à l’imitation de tous. Le livre explore ainsi un aspect original du culte des martyrs, la christianisation de martyrs juifs morts pour la défense de la Loi, et met en lumière les choix de prédication, parfois opposés, de Grégoire et de Jean face à l’enracinement juif de ce culte.

Maccabees. --- Martyrdom --- Christianity --- History of doctrines --- Judaism --- History of doctrines. --- 222.9 --- 276 =75 GREGORIUS NAZIANZENUS --- 276 =75 JOANNES CHRYSOSTOMUS --- Makkabeeën --- Griekse patrologie--GREGORIUS NAZIANZENUS --- Griekse patrologie--JOANNES CHRYSOSTOMUS --- Gregory, --- John Chrysostom, --- Bible. --- Criticism, interpretation, etc. --- Maccabees --- Death --- Suffering --- Martyrs --- Asmoneans --- Hasmonaeans --- Hasmoneans --- Jews --- Judaism&delete& --- Religious aspects --- History --- Aranyszájú, János, --- Chrysostom, John, --- Chrysostomo, João, --- Chrysostomos, Iō. --- Chrysostomos, Johannes, --- Chrysostomus, Joannes, --- Crisostomo, Giovanni, --- Crisostomo, Juan, --- Crisostomus, Ioannes, --- Giovanni Boccadoro, --- Giovanni Crisostomo, --- Hōhan Oskiaban, --- Hovhan Oskeberan, --- Hovhannēs Oskeberan, --- Iō. --- Ioan Gură de Aur, --- Ioan Zlatoust, --- Ioann Zlatoust, --- Ioannes Crisostomus, --- Iōannēs ho Chrysostomos, --- Ivan Zolotoustyĭ, --- Jan Chryzostom, --- Ján Zlatoústy, --- Jean Bouche d'Or, --- Jean Chrysostome, --- Jehan Bouche d'Or, --- Joan Gojarti, --- Joannes Chrysostomus, --- Joannes Crisostomus, --- João Chrysostomo, --- Johannes Chrysostomus, --- Johannes Goldmund, --- John, --- Jovan Zlatoust, --- Juan Crisóstomo, --- Pseudo-Chrysostome, --- Pseudochrysostomus, --- Yoḥanes ʼAfa Warq, --- Yūḥannā al-Dhahabī al-Fam, --- Yūḥannā al-Fam al-Dhahabī, --- Yūḥannā Fam al-Dhahab, --- Zlatoust, Ioan, --- Zlatoust, Jovan, --- Zlatoústy, Ján, --- Ἰωάννης, --- Іван Золотоустий, --- يوحنا الذهبي الفم --- يوحنا فم الذهب، --- Bogoslov, Grigoriĭ, --- Bogoslov, Grigorije --- Grégoire, --- Gregor, --- Gregorio, --- Gregorio Nazianzeno, --- Grēgorios, --- Gregorios, --- Gregorius, --- Gregorius Nazianzenus, --- Gregory Nazianzen, --- Grigol, --- Grigorie, --- Grigoriĭ, --- Grigoriĭ Bogoslov, --- Ighrīghūriyūs, --- Nazianz, Gregor von, --- Nazianzen, Grigoriĭ, --- Nazianzenus, Gregorius, --- Nazianzus, Gregory of, --- Sfântul Grigorie, --- Богослов, Григорий, --- Григорий, --- Григорий Богослов, --- Γρηγόριος, --- Maccabees (Apocrypha) --- Grego., --- Nazian., Grego., --- Martyrdom - Christianity - History of doctrines - Early church, ca. 30-600. --- Martyrdom - Judaism - History of doctrines. --- Machabaei martyres