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L'histoire des aides américaines à la France de 1938 à 1960 reflète l'état de la France au tournant du XXe siècle : une grande puissance européenne en déclin. De 1941 à 1951, la France a voulu des aides américaines pour vivre mieux et pour recréer un appareil productif digne de ce nom. Elle a ensuite réclamé une aide pour maintenir sa puissance en Indochine et en Afrique du Nord. Si ce constat de dépendance est éprouvant pour les Français, c'est une réalité dont les conséquences sont encore palpables aujourd'hui. Ne parle-t-on pas encore et toujours d'ingérence américaine, d'américanisation et, en réaction, d'exception française et d'identité européenne ? En définitive, quel rôle ont joué les aides américaines dans le rétablissement économique, social et militaire de la France après la seconde guerre mondiale et au-delà jusque dans les années 60 ? Réclamées en même temps qu'occultées tout au long de ces années par les acteurs de la vie politique française, les aides américaines méritaient une réflexion globale. Gérard Bossuat dans cet essai de synthèse nous propose son analyse. The history of American aid to France during the period from 1938 to 1960 reflects the state of France at the turn of the 20th century: a great European power in decline. Between 1941 and 1951, France wanted American aid in order to improve its standard of living and to rebuild a manufacturing sector worthy of the name. It then sought aid in order to maintain its power in Indochina and in North Africa. Although this acknowledgment of their country’s dependence is painful for the French people, it is a reality whose consequences are still palpable today. Do we not still constantly talk about American interference and Americanisation and, as a reaction, about France as an exception and European identity? In the final analysis, what role did American aid play in France’s economic, social and military recovery after the Second World War and beyond, right up to the 1960s? American aid, which was…
International economic relations --- Polemology --- United States --- France --- Business & Economics --- Economic History --- Marshall Plan. --- European Recovery Program --- ERP (European Recovery Program) --- Marshall Plan, 1948-1952 --- Schedio Marsal --- histoire économique et financière --- régime de Vichy --- OTAN --- relations franco-américaines --- plan Marshall --- Plan --- finances publiques --- IVe République --- United States of America
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This book examines the historical, diplomatic, economic, and strategic aspects of the European Recovery Program (ERP) - popularly known as the Marshall Plan - which brought Europe out of the chaos, hunger, poverty, desperation, and ashes of World War II. In it, authors from a variety of countries who are scholars, policy makers, and business leaders, address applications of the Marshall Plan’s lessons learned to the 21st century for capacity building, human and sustainable development, and the role of public, private partnerships in emerging market economies and democratic societies. "There are not many of us left who served through the Marshall Plan from its beginning, and fewer still who served time in the Hotel Talleyrand in Paris, the site of the anniversary celebration, in June 2007, of Secretary George C. Marshall’s 1947 commencement address launching the European Recovery Program. There are, though, scholars who can address those times and evaluate them so that the experience can live on. "The dedication of the Hotel de Talleyrand as a memorial to that unique enterprise provided the opportunity; and the analyses and evaluations in this splendid volume, The Marshall Plan: Lessons Learned for the 21st Century, reflect the excitement, as well as the accomplishments, of an economic enterprise that produced the infrastructure of NATO and the European Union. Long live the spirit of Marshall’s vision!" -Thomas C. Schelling, Marshall Plan alumnus, Washington, Copenhagen, Paris, Washington, ’48-‘53, Nobel Prize in Economics 2005 "A historical event is and remains crucial when it interacts with others in such a way as to contribute to a deep and positive change in the course of history. In this sense, the Marshall Plan made an outstanding and lasting contribution. It was instrumental to overcoming the temptation of isolationism in the US, to reviving our badly needed economic recovery and gave a decisive input to coordinating our national efforts, thus paving the way to our future European integration." When I think of the world as it would have been without the Marshall Plan, I am encouraged to conclude that even in our challenging times, another, better world is possible. This collection of well written contributions and analyses, The Marshall Plan: Lessons Learned for the 21st Century , further strengthens my convictions. -Giuliano Amato, Former Prime Minister, ItalyFormer Vice President, European Constitutional Assembly
Economic assistance, American -- Europe -- History. --- Electronic books. -- local. --- Europe -- Economic conditions -- 1945-. --- Marshall Plan. --- Economic assistance, American --- Business & Economics --- Economic History --- History --- History. --- Europe --- Economic conditions --- American economic assistance --- European Recovery Program --- ERP (European Recovery Program) --- Marshall Plan, 1948-1952 --- Schedio Marsal --- Mutual security program, 1951 --- -History. --- Aide économique américaine --- Histoire --- Conditions économiques
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The Marshall Plan has been widely regarded as a realistic yet generous policy, and a wise construction of the national interest. But how was the blend of interest and generosity in the minds of its initiators transformed in the process of bureaucratic administration? Hadley Arkes studies the Marshall Plan as an example of the process by which a national interest in foreign policy is defined and implemented.The author's analysis of the efforts to design the Economic Cooperation Agency demonstrates how the definition of the national interest is fundamentally linked to the character of the political regime. His account of the discussions in the executive branch of the government, the bureaucratic infighting, and the deliberations in Congressional hearings and floor debates also shows how, in the process of making decisions on administration and procedure, the bureaucracy itself affected the aims of the Plan.Originally published in 1973.The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
Economic policy and planning (general) --- Economic assistance, American --- United States --- Economic assistance, American. --- United States. --- Marshall Plan. --- Economic assistance [American ] --- Mutual security program, 1951 --- Europe --- American economic assistance --- -Marshall Plan. --- ECA (United States. Economic Cooperation Administration) --- E.C.A. (United States. Economic Cooperation Administration) --- Economic Cooperation Administration (U.S.) --- European Recovery Program --- ERP (European Recovery Program) --- Marshall Plan, 1948-1952 --- Schedio Marsal
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In 1947, with Britain’s empire collapsing and Stalin’s ascendant, US officials under new Secretary of State George C. Marshall set out to reconstruct Western Europe as a bulwark against communist authoritarianism. Their massive, costly, and hugely ambitious undertaking would confront Europeans and Americans alike with a vision at odds with their history and self-conceptions. In the process, they would drive the creation of NATO, the European Union, and a Western identity that continues to shape world events in the twenty-first century. This is the story behind the birth of the Cold War, told with verve, insight, and resonance for today. The book brings to bear fascinating new material from American, Russian, German, and other European archives to forever change how we see the Marshall Plan. Focusing on the critical years of 1947 to 1949, it takes us through the seminal episodes marking the collapse of postwar US-Soviet relations – the Prague coup, the Berlin blockade, and the division of Germany. In each case, Stalin’s determination to crush the Marshall Plan and undermine American power in Europe is vividly portrayed. And, in a riveting epilogue, the author shows how the forces which split Europe in two after the Second World War have reasserted themselves since the collapse of the Soviet Union.
MARSHALL PLAN --- 335.6 --- Liquidatie van de oorlogseconomie: economische demobilisatie en herstel. Marshall Plan --- Marshall Plan. --- European Recovery Program --- ERP (European Recovery Program) --- Marshall Plan, 1948-1952 --- Schedio Marsal --- Cold War (1945-1989) --- Cold War. --- Europe, Western --- United States --- Soviet Union --- Economic conditions --- Foreign relations --- Plan Marshall (1948-1952) --- Conditions économiques --- Relations extérieures --- Guerre froide. --- Conditions économiques --- Relations extérieures
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Economic conditions. Economic development --- International economic relations --- History of the Netherlands --- anno 1900-1999 --- AA / International- internationaal --- NL / Netherlands - Nederland - Pays Bas --- 335.6 --- Liquidatie van de oorlogseconomie: economische demobilisatie en herstel. Marshall Plan. --- Economic assistance, American --- American economic assistance --- Mutual security program, 1951 --- -Liquidatie van de oorlogseconomie: economische demobilisatie en herstel. Marshall Plan --- Marshall Plan. --- European Recovery Program --- ERP (European Recovery Program) --- Marshall Plan, 1948-1952 --- Schedio Marsal --- Europe --- Netherlands --- Economic integration. --- Economic conditions --- Economic policy.
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History of Germany and Austria --- anno 1940-1949 --- Germany --- Economic assistance, American --- Aide économique américaine --- Marshall Plan --- Europe --- Germany (West) --- Allemagne (Ouest) --- Economic integration --- Economic policy --- Intégration économique --- Politique économique --- -Europe --- -American economic assistance --- Mutual security program, 1951 --- -Economic integration --- European Recovery Program --- ERP (European Recovery Program) --- Marshall Plan, 1948-1952 --- Schedio Marsal --- -Economic policy --- Aide économique américaine --- Intégration économique --- Politique économique --- Marshall Plan. --- Economic integration. --- Economic policy.
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History of the Netherlands --- anno 1900-1999 --- Economic assistance, American --- -Reconstruction (1939-1951) --- -327.5 --- 341.17 EUR --- 825 Ontwikkelingssamenwerking --- 842 Media --- 842.1 Propaganda --- 844.2 Sociaaleconomische structuur --- 846 Identiteit --- 856.6 Vredesopbouw --- 882.4 Noord-Amerika --- 884.1 Oost-Europa --- 884.4 West-Europa --- AA / International- internationaal --- 335.6 --- American economic assistance --- Mutual security program, 1951 --- -Liquidatie van de oorlogseconomie: economische demobilisatie en herstel. Marshall Plan. --- Marshall Plan --- European Recovery Program --- ERP (European Recovery Program) --- Marshall Plan, 1948-1952 --- Schedio Marsal --- Reconstruction (1939-1951) --- Liquidatie van de oorlogseconomie: economische demobilisatie en herstel. Marshall Plan. --- 327.5 --- -Liquidatie van de oorlogseconomie: economische demobilisatie en herstel. Marshall Plan --- Marshall Plan. --- 815 Geschiedenis
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International economic relations --- History of Europe --- anno 1940-1949 --- United States --- Western Europe --- AA / International- internationaal --- 335.6 --- Liquidatie van de oorlogseconomie: economische demobilisatie en herstel. Marshall Plan. --- 335.6Liquidatie van de oorlogseconomie: economische demobilisatie en herstel. Marshall Plan. --- Economic assistance [American ] --- Europe --- History --- Economic conditions --- 1945 --- -Economic assistance [American ] --- -International economic relations --- Economic assistance, American --- American economic assistance --- Mutual security program, 1951 --- -History --- Liquidatie van de oorlogseconomie: economische demobilisatie en herstel. Marshall Plan --- Marshall Plan. --- European Recovery Program --- ERP (European Recovery Program) --- Marshall Plan, 1948-1952 --- Schedio Marsal --- United States of America
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International economic relations --- History of Europe --- anno 1940-1949 --- United States --- Western Europe --- Economic assistance, American --- -History --- Marshall Plan --- Europe --- Economic conditions --- AA / International- internationaal --- 335.6 --- Liquidatie van de oorlogseconomie: economische demobilisatie en herstel. Marshall Plan. --- History. --- History --- American economic assistance --- Mutual security program, 1951 --- Liquidatie van de oorlogseconomie: economische demobilisatie en herstel. Marshall Plan --- Marshall Plan. --- European Recovery Program --- ERP (European Recovery Program) --- Marshall Plan, 1948-1952 --- Schedio Marsal --- Economic assistance, American - - History - Europe --- -Europe - Economic conditions - 1945 --- -International economic relations --- -Economic assistance, American --- United States of America
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Marshall Plan --- Marshall [Plan ] --- Plan Marshall --- Economic assistance, American --- Industries --- Aide économique américaine --- Industrie --- History. --- Histoire --- Marshall Plan. --- Europe --- Economic conditions --- Regional disparities. --- Conditions économiques --- Disparités régionales --- History --- Regional disparities --- American economic assistance --- Mutual security program, 1951 --- -History. --- European Recovery Program --- ERP (European Recovery Program) --- Marshall Plan, 1948-1952 --- Schedio Marsal --- Council of Europe countries --- Eastern Hemisphere --- Eurasia --- Economic assistance, American--Europe--History. --- Europe--Economic conditions--1945 --- Industries--Europe--History. --- Aide économique américaine --- Conditions économiques --- Disparités régionales --- -History --- Economic conditions&delete& --- Economic assistance [American ] --- 1945 --- -Regional disparities --- -American economic assistance --- Economic assistance, American - Europe - History --- Industries - Europe - History --- Europe - Economic conditions - 1945- - Regional disparities --- Gay culture Europe --- Plan Marshall (1948-1952) --- 1945-....
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