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YERBY (FRANK) --- BARRETT (LINDSAY) --- CULTURE --- BROOKS (GWENDOLYN), 1917-2000 --- MARSHALL (PAULE), 1929 --- -MORRISON (TONI), 1931 --- -TOOMER (JEAN), 1894-1967 --- U.S. --- YERBY (FRANK) --- BARRETT (LINDSAY) --- CULTURE --- BROOKS (GWENDOLYN), 1917-2000 --- MARSHALL (PAULE), 1929 --- -MORRISON (TONI), 1931 --- -TOOMER (JEAN), 1894-1967 --- U.S. --- BLACKS

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AMERICAN FICTION --- AFRO-AMERICAN AUTHORS --- CONDE (MARYSE) --- MERE DANS LA LITTERATURE --- MARSHALL (PAULE), 1929 --- -MORRISON (TONI), 1931 --- -WOMEN AUTHORS --- WOMEN AUTHORS --- MOI, TITUBA, SORCIERE NOIRE DE SALEM --- AMERICAN FICTION --- AFRO-AMERICAN AUTHORS --- CONDE (MARYSE) --- MERE DANS LA LITTERATURE --- MARSHALL (PAULE), 1929 --- -MORRISON (TONI), 1931 --- -WOMEN AUTHORS --- WOMEN AUTHORS --- MOI, TITUBA, SORCIERE NOIRE DE SALEM

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Colonialism left an indelible mark on writers from the Caribbean. Many of the mid-century male writers, on the eve of independence, looked to England for their models. The current generation of authors, many of whom are women, have increasingly looked-and relocated-to the United States. Incorporating postcolonial theory, West Indian literature, feminist theory, and African American literary criticism, Making Men carves out a particular relationship between the Caribbean canon-as represented by C. L. R. James and V. S. Naipaul, among others-and contemporary Caribbean women writers such as Jean Rhys, and Jamaica Kincaid, Paule Marshall, and Michelle Cliff, who now live in the United States. Discussing the canonical Caribbean narrative as it reflects national identity under the domination of English cultural authority, Belinda Edmondson focuses particularly on the pervasive influence of Victorian sensibilities in the structuring of twentieth-century national identity. She shows that issues of race and English constructions of masculinity not only are central to West Indian identity but also connect Caribbean authorship to the English literary tradition. This perspective on the origins of West Indian literary nationalism then informs Edmondson's search for female subjectivity in current literature by West Indian women immigrants in America. Making Men compares the intellectual exile of men with the economic migration of women, linking the canonical male tradition to the writing of modern West Indian women and exploring how the latter write within and against the historical male paradigm in the continuing process of national definition. With theoretical claims that invite new discourse on English, Caribbean, and American ideas of exile, migration, race, gender identity, and literary authority, Making Men will be informative reading for those involved with postcolonial theory, African American and women's studies, and Caribbean literature.

English literature --- Thematology --- Literary rhetorics --- Caribbean Area --- Caribbean area --- Littérature antillaise de langue anglaise --- Émigration et immigration --- Féminisme et littérature --- Impérialisme --- Colonies --- Narration --- Hommes --- Cliff, Michèlle (1940-....) --- James, Cyril Lionel Robert (1901-1989) --- Kincaid, Jamaica (1949-....) --- Marshall, Paule (1929-....) --- Rhys, Jean (1894-1979) --- Naipaul, Vidiadhar Surajprasad (1932-....) --- Femmes écrivains --- Histoire et critique --- Écrivains --- Dans la littérature --- Antilles

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American literature --- Psychological study of literature --- Marshall, Paule --- MARSHALL (PAULE), 1929 --- -FEMMES ET LITTERATURE --- ROMAN PSYCHOLOGIQUE AMERICAIN --- NOIRS AMERICAINS DANS LA LITTERATURE --- NOIRS AMERICAINS --- TOUT ET PARTIES (PHILOSOPHIE) --- PSYCHOLOGIE DANS LA LITTERATURE --- REGION CARAÏBE --- ETATS-UNIS --- 20E SIECLE --- HISTOIRE ET CRITIQUE --- PSYCHOLOGIE --- DANS LA LITTERATURE

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Focusing on specific texts by Jamaica Kincaid, Maryse Condé, and Paule Marshall, this fascinating study explores the intricate trichotomous relationship between the mother (biological or surrogate), the motherlands Africa and the Caribbean, and the mothercountry represented by England, France, and/or North America. The mother-daughter relationships in the works discussed address the complex, conflicting notions of motherhood that exist within this trichotomy. Although mothering is usually socialized as a welcoming, nurturing notion, Alexander argues that alongside this nurturing notion there exists much conflict. Specifically, she argues that the mother-daughter relationship, plagued with ambivalence, is often further conflicted by colonialism or colonial intervention from the "other," the colonial mothercountry. Mother Imagery in the Novels of Afro-Caribbean Women offers an overview of Caribbean women's writings from the 1990s, focusing on the personal relationships these three authors have had with their mothers and/or motherlands to highlight links, despite social, cultural, geographical, and political differences, among Afro-Caribbean women and their writings. Alexander traces acts of resistance, which facilitate the (re)writing/righting of the literary canon and the conception of a "newly created genre" and a "womanist" tradition through fictional narratives with autobiographical components. Exploring the complex and ambiguous mother-daughter relationship, she examines the connection between the mother and the mother's land. In addition, Alexander addresses the ways in which the absence of a mother can send an individual on a desperate quest for selfhood and a home space. This quest forces and forges the creation of an imagined homeland and the re-validation of "old ways and cultures" preserved by the mother. Creating such an imagined homeland enables the individual to acquire "wholeness," which permits a spiritual return to the motherland, Africa via the Caribbean. This spiritual return or homecoming, through the living and practicing of the old culture, makes possible the acceptance and celebration of the mother's land. Alexander concludes that the mothers created by these authors are the source of diasporic connections and continuities. Writing/righting black women's histories as Kincaid, Condé, and Marshall have done provides a clearing, a space, a mother's land, for black women. Mother Imagery in the Novels of Afro-Caribbean Women will be of great interest to all teachers and students of women's studies, African American studies, Caribbean literature, and diasporic literatures.

Caribbean fiction (English) --- Women and literature --- American fiction --- African American women in literature. --- Mothers and daughters in literature. --- Motherhood in literature. --- Mothers in literature. --- Home in literature. --- Afro-American women in literature --- Literature --- Caribbean literature (English) --- English fiction --- Women authors --- History and criticism. --- History --- African American authors --- Marshall, Paule, --- Kincaid, Jamaica --- Condé, Maryse --- Condé, M. --- Richardson, Elaine Potter --- Criticism and interpretation. --- Marshall, Paule (1929-....) --- Kincaid, Jamaica (1949-....) --- Condé, Maryse (1937-....) --- Femmes et littérature --- Roman antillais de langue anglaise --- Mères --- Maternité --- Mères et filles --- Critique et interprétation --- Antilles --- 20e siècle --- Femmes écrivains --- Histoire et critique --- États-Unis --- Dans la littérature --- Thèmes, motifs --- Région caraïbe --- Conde, Maryse