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Lakes, rivers, and seas have been under the pressure of various pollutants, mostly of human origin, for more than centuries. These demands have increased enormously, particularly since the mid-1900s, when industrial production took the pace up, rendering many water resources unusable. Due to the deterioration in water quality and climate change, many species have disappeared or have faced extinction. Similar environmental problems have been observed in our country since the 1950s. Many water resources, especially the sea and inland water resources in the Marmara Region where most of the industrial production takes place, have suffered from industrial and domestic wastes and agricultural pollutants. The Marmara Sea is one of the areas that have the greatest loss of water quality because of these pollutants. The main cities in our country, especially Istanbul, the largest city, are located in the Marmara Sea basin, an inland sea. Despite being a relatively small area, the basin is host to approximately one-third of the country's population. Excessive population growth and uncontrolled construction in the basin have created great pressure on the Marmara Sea. For many years, the wastes were discharged to the Marmara Sea without any treatment or just with a pre-treatment. This has resulted from an exceeding the carrying capacity of the sea. Thus, many species living in the sea have completely disappeared. Fishing had been banned in the "East Bay" side of the Marmara Sea for many years due to excessive pollution. Recently, one of the most important environmental problems that have emerged in the Marmara Sea is mucilage formation, which lasts for around 6 months. The mucilage formation started in January 2021 and continued until June 2021. Since it was observed for 6 months, caused a habitat loss in a large area, issued economic problems, and affected many ecosystem services including fisheries, it has been featured in the international literature. Believing the necessity to investigate such an important ecological problem in detail and to reveal the results, Istanbul University decided to publish a book that consists of 13 chapters, including the studies only on the mucilage problem that emerged in the Marmara Sea. Our goal is for this publication by Istanbul University, which has nearly 80 years of marine research experience, to serve as a reference source for marine scientists and decision-makers.

Mucilage. --- Pollution --- Marmara, Sea of (Turkey)

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Marmara, Sea of (Turkey) --- Bosporus (Turkey) --- Istanbul (Turkey) --- Black Sea

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Marmara, Sea of (Turkey). --- Bosporus (Turkey). --- Istanbul (Turkey) --- Black Sea. --- Description and travel. --- Antiquities.

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This is the thirteenth book in the series International Straits of the World initiated and edited at the Graduate College of Marine Studies of the University of Delaware. In 1987 the ninth book in this series dealt with the Turkish Straits. Since then, however, the rapid developments of the law of the sea, especially with regard to coastal state jurisdiction and the status of international straits, has called for a new analysis of the heavily-trafficked, narrow waterway that links the Mediterranean Sea with the Black Sea. The 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea provided a special regime for straits used for international navigation. [.Nothing in this part of the convention, however, affected the legal regime of the Turkish Straits. The convention exempted those straits in which passage was regulated in whole or in part by long-standing international conventions specifically related to that strait. The Montreux Convention of 1936, still in force, was designed to regulate passage through the Dardanelles, the Sea of Marmara, and the Bosporus - or the Turkish Straits. Dr. Ünlü has addressed a key international policy question, namely, in the light of the evolving law of the sea and the special role of the International Maritime Organization, should the 1936 Montreux Convention be amended or denounced - or changed by some unilateral act of Turkey.[.] In sum, can the convention be sustained as it is, modified by unilateral action, denounced by the parties, or its provisions changed in some other way by international action? The author has even explored the possibility of making the straits a particularly sensitive sea area, allowing the coastal state to take expanded jurisdiction to prevent marine pollution. Dr. Ünlü has done a great service to scholarship on the legal regime of the Turkish Straits. She has left her readers with policy options that will be useful in trying to reconcile the use of a strait not covered by the 1982 Law of the Sea Convention with the exigencies of modern international law.

Dardanelles Strait (Turkey) --- Marmara, Sea of ​​(Turkey) --- Straits --- International status --- Bosphorus (Turkey) --- Turkish Straits (Turkey) --- International status. --- International Status.

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Le volume réunit les actes d’un colloque international qui s’est tenu en 2012 à Mangalia, l’antique Callatis. Il vise à faire connaître les résultats des recherches récentes menées sur Mégare et les établissements mégariens de Propontide et du Pont-Euxin. Ces sont en effet des cités pour lesquelles la documentation archéologique reste maigre, en raison notamment du fait qu’elles n’ont pas cessé d’être occupées depuis l’Antiquité. Néanmoins, des fouilles et des trouvailles récentes ont livré des données nouvelles sur l’urbanisme, les institutions, les pratiques funéraires et épigraphiques des Mégariens. Les documents en question méritent d’être examinés dans le cadre plus large de la colonisation mégarienne, afin de mieux comprendre les échanges et transferts culturels réalisés entre métropole et colonies. Quant aux recherches sur le monde colonial, l’enquête porte en particulier sur Callatis, cité qui conserve un héritage mégarien et dont les ressortissants sont très actifs à l’étranger. Plusieurs articles du volume enrichissent nos connaissances sur l’histoire, le territoire, les cultes et le monnayage de Callatis ; de nouvelles inscriptions et statues sont également publiées à cette occasion.

Excavations (Archaeology) --- Inscriptions, Greek --- Fouilles (Archéologie) --- Inscriptions grecques --- Congresses --- Congrès --- Fouilles archéologiques --- Megara (Greece) --- Marmara, Sea of (Turkey) --- Black Sea Coast (Turkey) --- History --- Antiquities --- Fouilles (Archéologie) --- Congrès --- Antiquities. --- Antiquités grecques --- Kolonie. --- Kolonisation. --- Actes de congrès --- Black Sea --- Greece --- Mangalia. --- Marmarameer. --- Megara. --- Méditerranée (région) (est) --- Mégare (Grèce) --- Schwarzmeerküste. --- Turkey