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Merchants --- Women merchants --- Commerce --- Business & Economics --- Local Commerce --- Market women --- Businesswomen --- Businesspeople --- History. --- History --- Great Britain --- Commerçants --- Commercantes --- Histoire --- Grande-Bretagne

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Retail trade --- Women merchants --- Women --- #SBIB:327.4H61 --- Human females --- Wimmin --- Woman --- Womon --- Womyn --- Market women --- Retail industry --- Retailing --- Economic conditions --- Derde wereld: economische ontwikkeling --- Sociology of the family. Sociology of sexuality --- Trade theory --- Transport. Traffic --- Ghana --- Businesswomen --- Merchants --- Commerce --- Marketing --- Shopping centers --- Wholesale trade --- Females --- Human beings --- Femininity

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In 1545, a native Andean prospector hit pay dirt on a desolate red mountain in highland Bolivia. There followed the world's greatest silver bonanza, making the Cerro Rico or ";Rich Hill"; and the Imperial Villa of Potosí instant legends, famous from Istanbul to Beijing. The Cerro Rico alone provided over half of the world's silver for a century, and even in decline, it remained the single richest source on earth. Potosí is the first interpretive history of the fabled mining city's rise and fall. It tells the story of global economic transformation and the environmental and social impact of rampant colonial exploitation from Potosí's startling emergence in the 16th century to its collapse in the 19th. Throughout, Kris Lane's invigorating narrative offers rare details of this thriving city and its promise of prosperity. A new world of native workers, market women, African slaves, and other ordinary residents who lived alongside the elite merchants, refinery owners, wealthy widows, and crown officials, emerge in lively, riveting stories from the original sources. An engrossing depiction of excess and devastation, Potosí reveals the relentless human tradition in boom times and bust.

Silver mines and mining --- History. --- 16th century to 19th century. --- african slaves. --- crown officials. --- elite merchants. --- excess and devastation. --- global economic transformation. --- history of fabled mining city. --- human traditions in boom times and bust. --- market women. --- native workers. --- provided half of worlds silver. --- refinery owners. --- rise and decline of potosi. --- single richest source on earth. --- wealthy widows. --- worlds greatest silver bonanza.

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In the most comprehensive analysis to date of the world of open air marketplaces of West Africa, Gracia Clark studies the market women of Kumasi, Ghana, in order to understand the key social forces that generate, maintain, and continually reshape the shifting market dynamics. Probably the largest of its kind in West Africa, the Kumasi Central Market houses women whose positions vary from hawkers of meals and cheap manufactured goods to powerful wholesalers, who control the flow of important staples. Drawing on more than four years of field research, during which she worked alongside several influential market "Queens", Clark explains the economic, political, gender, and ethnic complexities involved in the operation of the marketplace and examines the resourcefulness of the market women in surviving the various hazards they routinely encounter, from coups d'etat to persistent sabotage of their positions from within.

Women merchants --- Markets --- Women, Ashanti --- Commerçantes --- Marchés --- Femmes achanti --- Economic conditions --- Conditions économiques --- Kumasi (Ghana) --- Commerce --- #SBIB:39A73 --- #SBIB:39A11 --- Etnografie: Afrika --- Antropologie : socio-politieke structuren en relaties --- Economic conditions. --- Commerce. --- Commerçantes --- Marchés --- Conditions économiques --- Ashanti women --- Public markets --- Market women --- Kumassi (Ghana) --- Coomassi (Ghana) --- Kumase (Ghana) --- Coomassie (Ghana) --- Fairs --- Market towns --- Businesswomen --- Merchants --- Marketing --- By --- Women --- West Africa --- E-books --- survival, accumulation, west africa, western, african, marketplace, market, womens issues, women, woman, female, feminism, analysis, critical, open air, study, kumasi, ghana, social studies, society, community, dynamics, manufactured, wholesale, fieldwork, research, academic, scholarly, economic, political, gender, ethnic, ethnicity, politics, economy, daily life.

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Little has been known, acknowledged, or studied about the shuttle trade, one of the major manifestations of new Russian life of the 1990s. The term itself seems to suggest something of a rather small scale. Indeed, the amount of each transaction in this trade was miniscule. Individual peddlers traveled to near-abroad with their bulging bags and brought back home for resale only as many goods as they could personally carry in their enormous suitcases. The phenomenon hidden behind the term "shuttle trade" was by no means insignificant or small in scale. By the mid-1990s, it constituted the backbone of Russian consumer trade and was a substantial source of revenue.The primary participants in the shuttle trade were women, and in this enlightening study Mukhina assesses the reasons why women were attracted to this business, the range of the personal experiences of female shuttle traders, and the social impact of women's involvement in this sort of economic activity. By analyzing the social and gendered dimensions of the shuttle trade, the reader can begin to understand more broadly how gender shaped the "transition" period associated with the end of communist regimes in Eastern Europe. Moreover, the difficulties that these women faced highlight the gap between the rhetoric of free market economy and the actual market practices. These women-traders had to create and shape the physical market (an open-air space) for their goods without the basic legislative and other provisions of market economies. The shuttle trade became an avenue of female suffering but also of survival and even empowerment during the time that most Russians now call "the wild 1990s."  

Capitalism --- Black market --- Small business --- Businesswomen --- Women merchants --- History. --- Soviet Union --- Commerce --- History --- E-books --- Businesses, Small --- Medium-sized business --- Micro-businesses --- Microbusinesses --- Microenterprises --- Small and medium-sized business --- Small and medium-sized enterprises --- Small businesses --- SMEs (Small business) --- Business --- Business enterprises --- Industries --- Entrepreneurs, Women --- Women entrepreneurs --- Women in business --- Businesspeople --- Women-owned business enterprises --- Market women --- Merchants --- Size --- Советский Союз --- Ber. ha-M. --- Zwia̦zek Socjalistycznych Republik Radzieckich --- Szovjetunió --- TSRS --- Tarybų Socialistinių Respublikų Sąjunga --- SRSR --- Soi︠u︡z Radi︠a︡nsʹkykh Sot︠s︡ialistychnykh Respublik --- SSSR --- Soi︠u︡z Sovetskikh Sot︠s︡ialisticheskikh Respublik --- UdSSR --- Shūravī --- Ittiḥād-i Jamāhīr-i Ishtirākīyah-i Shūrāʼīyah --- Russia (1923- U.S.S.R.) --- Sovetskiy Soyuz --- Soyuz SSR --- Sovetskiĭ Soi︠u︡z --- Soi︠u︡z SSR --- Uni Sovjet --- Union of Soviet Socialist Republics --- USSR --- SSṚM --- Sovetakan Sotsʻialistakan Ṛespublikaneri Miutʻyun --- SSHM --- Sovetakan Sotsʻialistakan Hanrapetutʻyunneri Miutʻyun --- URSS --- Unión de Repúblicas Socialistas Soviéticas --- Berit ha-Moʻatsot --- Rusyah --- Ittiḥād al-Sūfiyītī --- Rusiyah --- Rusland --- Soṿet-Rusland --- Uni Soviet --- Union soviétique --- Zȯvlȯlt Kholboot Uls --- Związek Radziecki --- ESSD --- Sahaphāp Sōwīat --- KhSHM --- SSR Kavširi --- Russland --- SNTL --- PSRS --- Su-lien --- Sobhieṭ Ẏuniẏana --- FSSR --- Unione Sovietica --- Ittiḥād-i Shūravī --- Soviyat Yūniyan --- Russian S.F.S.R. --- Market economy --- Economics --- Profit --- Capital --- Związek Socjalistycznych Republik Radzieckich --- ZSRR --- Związek Socjalistycznych Republik Sowieckich --- ZSRS --- Russian consumer trade, Russian free market economy, women traders in Russia.