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"As we enter a time of climate catastrophe, worsening inequality, and collapsing market/state systems, can human societies transcend the old, dysfunctional paradigms and build the world anew? There are many signs of hope.In The Great Awakening, twelve cutting-edge activists, scholars, and change-makers probe the deep roots of our current predicament while reflecting on the social DNA for a post-capitalist future. We learn about seed-sharing in agriculture, blockchain technologies for networked collaboration, cosmolocal peer production of houses and vehicles, creative hacks on law, and new ways of thinking and enacting a rich, collaborative future. This surge of creativity is propelled by the social practices of commoning new modes of life for creating and sharing wealth in fair-minded, ecologically respectful ways.It is clear that the multiple, entangled crises produced by neoliberal capitalism cannot be resolved by existing political and legal institutions, which are imploding under the weight of their own contradictions. Present and future needs can be met by systems that go beyond the market and state. With experiments and struggle, a growing pluriverse of commoners from Europe and the US to the Global South and cyberspace are demonstrating some fundamentally new ways of thinking, being and acting. This ontological shift of perspective is making new worlds possible."

Alternative Wirtschaft --- Alternativbewegung --- market economics --- capitalism --- liberalism --- nation-state --- Commons --- digital innovation --- ontology

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This paper provides the results of an international survey of practitioners with experience in facilitating the participation of African smallholder farmers in supply chains for higher-value and/or differentiated agricultural products. It explores their perceptions about the constraints inhibiting and the impacts associated with this supply chain participation. It also examines their perceptions about the factors affecting the success of project and policy interventions in this area, about how this success is and should be measured, and about the appropriate roles for national governments, the private sector, and development assistance entities in facilitating smallholder gains in this area. The results confirm a growing 'consensus' about institutional roles, yet suggest some ambiguity regarding the impacts of smallholder participation in higher-value supply chains and the appropriateness of the indicators most commonly used to gauge such impacts. The results also suggest a need to strengthen knowledge about both the 'old' and 'new' sets of constraints (and solutions) related to remunerative smallholder inclusion, in the form of the rising role of standards alongside more long-standing concerns about infrastructure and logistical links to markets.

Access to Finance --- Agricultural Knowledge and Information Systems --- Agricultural products --- Agriculture --- Development assistance --- Economic Theory and Research --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- International Bank --- Labor Policies --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Market development --- Markets and Market Access --- Rural Development --- Smallholder --- Smallholder farmers --- Smallholder participation --- Smallholders --- Social Protections and Labor --- Supply chain --- Supply chains --- Marketing channels. --- Food industry and trade --- Food supply --- Farm produce --- Business --- Development aid --- Economics --- Economy --- Food security --- Market (economics) --- Poverty --- Poverty reduction --- Principal component analysis --- Marketing

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It has long been assumed that the historical legacy of Soviet Communism would have an important effect on post-communist states. However, prior research has focused primarily on the institutional legacy of communism. "Communism's Shadow" instead turns the focus to the individuals who inhabit post-communist countries, presenting a rigorous assessment of the legacy of communism on political attitudes. Post-communist citizens hold political, economic, and social opinions that consistently differ from individuals in other countries. Grigore Pop-Eleches and Joshua Tucker introduce two distinct frameworks to explain these differences, the first of which focuses on the effects of living in a post-communist country, and the second on living through communism. Drawing on large-scale research encompassing post-communist states and other countries around the globe, the authors demonstrate that living through communism has a clear, consistent influence on why citizens in post-communist countries are, on average, less supportive of democracy and markets and more supportive of state-provided social welfare. The longer citizens have lived through communism, especially as adults, the greater their support for beliefs associated with communist ideology--the one exception being opinions regarding gender equality.

POST-COMMUNISM--EUROPE, EASTERN --- EUROPE, EASTERN--SOCIAL CONDITIONS --- EUROPE, EASTERN--ECONOMIC CONDITIONS --- EUROPE, EASTERN--POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT --- Post-communism --- Post-communism - Europe, Eastern --- POLITICAL SCIENCE / Political Ideologies / Communism, Post-Communism & Socialism. --- Leninist regimes. --- Soviet Communism. --- Soviet Union. --- Soviet communism. --- adult communist exposure. --- aggregate-level data. --- analyses. --- anti-democratic attitudes. --- attitudinal change. --- attitudinal convergence. --- attitudinal differences. --- childhood communist exposure. --- communism. --- communist education. --- communist ideology. --- communist legacies. --- communist message. --- communist regime. --- communist regimes. --- communist rhetoric. --- communist socialization effects. --- communist socialization project. --- democracy. --- democratic deficit. --- democratic support. --- democratic values. --- developmental differences. --- economic performance. --- economic principles. --- exposure. --- fleeting legacies. --- gender equality. --- generational replacement. --- institutional regime. --- intensity. --- legacy effects. --- market economics. --- markets. --- methodological approach. --- methodology. --- political beliefs. --- political performance. --- post-communist citizens. --- post-communist countries. --- post-communist politics. --- post-communist states. --- pro-gender equality. --- resistance. --- social welfare. --- state responsibility. --- survey data. --- temporal resilience. --- temporary divergence. --- welfare state.

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331.156 --- Geldwezen van 1914 tot 1945 --- International finance --- Gold standard --- History. --- 1997 Asian financial crisis. --- Asset. --- Austerity. --- Balance of payments. --- Bank of England. --- Bank run. --- Bank. --- Barry Eichengreen. --- Behalf. --- Bimetallism. --- Bretton Woods system. --- Budget. --- Capital control. --- Capital flight. --- Central bank. --- Commodity. --- Competitiveness. --- Credit (finance). --- Currency. --- Current account. --- Debt crisis. --- Debt. --- Default (finance). --- Deflation. --- Deposit account. --- Depreciation. --- Deutsche Bundesbank. --- Deutsche Mark. --- Devaluation. --- Developed country. --- Economic growth. --- Economic policy. --- Economics. --- Economy. --- European Central Bank. --- European Monetary System. --- Exchange rate. --- Exorbitant privilege. --- Expense. --- Export. --- Fiat money. --- Finance. --- Financial crisis of 2007–08. --- Financial crisis. --- Financial institution. --- Financial intermediary. --- Fiscal policy. --- Fixed exchange-rate system. --- Floating exchange rate. --- Foreign direct investment. --- Foreign exchange market. --- French franc. --- Funding. --- Global imbalances. --- Gold reserve. --- Gold standard. --- Government bond. --- Government debt. --- Guarantee. --- Income. --- Inflation. --- Interest rate. --- Interest. --- International Monetary Fund. --- International monetary systems. --- Investment. --- Investor. --- Latin America. --- Lender of last resort. --- Liability (financial accounting). --- Liberalization. --- Line of credit. --- Market (economics). --- Market liquidity. --- Marshall Plan. --- Monetary authority. --- Monetary policy. --- Monetary reform. --- Monetary system. --- Money supply. --- Payment. --- Policy. --- Pound sterling. --- Provision (accounting). --- Rate of return. --- Receipt. --- Recession. --- Relative price. --- Shortage. --- Special drawing rights. --- Speculation. --- Speculative attack. --- Tariff. --- Tax. --- Trader (finance). --- Unemployment. --- United States dollar. --- Welfare. --- World War II. --- World economy.

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For any market to work properly, certain key elements are necessary: competition, pricing, rules, clearly defined offers, and easy access to information. Without these components, there would be chaos. Orderly Fashion examines how order is maintained in the different interconnected consumer, producer, and credit markets of the global fashion industry. From retailers in Sweden and the United Kingdom to producers in India and Turkey, Patrik Aspers focuses on branded garment retailers--chains such as Gap, H&M, Old Navy, Topshop, and Zara. Aspers investigates these retailers' interactions and competition in the consumer market for fashion garments, traces connections between producer and consumer markets, and demonstrates why market order is best understood through an analysis of its different forms of social construction. Emphasizing consumption rather than production, Aspers considers the larger retailers' roles as buyers in the production market of garments, and as potential objects of investment in financial markets. He shows how markets overlap and intertwine and he defines two types of markets--status markets and standard markets. In status markets, market order is related to the identities of the participating actors more than the quality of the goods, whereas in standard markets the opposite holds true. Looking at how identities, products, and values create the ordered economic markets of the global fashion business, Orderly Fashion has wide implications for all modern markets, regardless of industry.

Industrial sociology. --- Fashion merchandising --- Clothing trade --- Sociology --- Industrial organization --- Industries --- Fashion marketing --- Merchandising --- Retail trade --- Apparel industry --- Clothiers --- Clothing industry --- Fashion industry --- Garment industry --- Rag trade --- Textile industry --- Tailors --- Social aspects. --- Social aspects --- Economic sociology --- Industrial economics --- Advertising Costs. --- Advertising agency. --- Advertising campaign. --- Advertising. --- And Interest. --- Anti-fashion. --- Behalf. --- Benchmarking. --- Brand extension. --- Brand loyalty. --- Calculation. --- Capitalism. --- Clothing industry. --- Clothing. --- Commodity. --- Comparative advantage. --- Competition (economics). --- Competition. --- Competitive advantage. --- Consulting firm. --- Consumer Goods. --- Consumer choice. --- Consumer network. --- Consumer. --- Counterfeit consumer goods. --- Creative work. --- Currency. --- Customer base. --- Customer. --- Designer. --- Developed country. --- Double auction. --- Economic cost. --- Economic sociology. --- Economics. --- Entrepreneurship. --- Ethical trade. --- Exchange of information. --- Fair value. --- Fashion editor. --- Fashion line. --- Fast fashion. --- Financial capital. --- Free trade. --- Fundamental analysis. --- Globalization. --- Glocalization. --- Grand theory. --- Haute couture. --- Identity management. --- In-House. --- Internationalization. --- Investor relations. --- Knowledge society. --- Lean manufacturing. --- Letter of credit. --- Liberalization. --- Marginal utility. --- Market (economics). --- Market segmentation. --- Marketing collateral. --- Marketing. --- Micromarketing. --- Neoclassical economics. --- No frills. --- Obsolescence. --- Organizational studies. --- Outlet store. --- Overproduction. --- Positioning (marketing). --- Price fixing. --- Price mechanism. --- Pricing. --- Product design. --- Product differentiation. --- Proposal (business). --- Protectionism. --- Purchasing power. --- Rational choice theory. --- Ready Made Garment. --- Reasonable person. --- Relationship marketing. --- Retail. --- Risk aversion. --- Scientific management. --- Search cost. --- Shopping. --- Social constructionism. --- Social structure. --- Speculation. --- Standardization. --- Stock exchange. --- Stock market. --- Supply chain. --- Technical analysis. --- Trade association. --- Utility. --- Utilization. --- Vendor. --- World Trade Organization.