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The concept of "shifting baselines"--changes in historical reference points used in environmental assessments--illuminates a foundational challenge when evaluating the health of ecosystems and seeking to restore degraded wildlife populations. In this important book, Victor S. Kennedy examines the problem of shifting baselines for one of the most productive aquatic resources in the world: the Chesapeake Bay. Kennedy explains that since the 1800s, when the Bay area was celebrated for its aquatic bounty, harvest baselines have shifted downward precipitously. Over the centuries, fishers and hunters, supported by an extensive infrastructure of boats, gear, and processing facilities, overexploited the region's fish, crustaceans, terrapin, and waterfowl, squandering a profound resource. Beginning with the colonial period and continuing through the twentieth century, Kennedy gathers an unparalleled collection of scientific resources and eyewitness reports by colonists, fishers, managers, scientists, and newspaper reporters to create a comprehensive examination of the Chesapeake's environmental history. Focusing on the relative productivity and health of its fisheries and wildlife and highlighting key species such as shad, oysters, and blue crab, Shifting Baselines in the Chesapeake Bay helps readers understand the remarkable extent of the Bay's natural resources in the past so that we can begin to understand what has changed since, and why. Such knowledge can help illustrate the Bay's potential fertility and stimulate efforts to restore this pivotal maritime system's ecological health and productivity.

Marine ecosystem health --- Coastal ecosystem health --- Health, Marine ecosystem --- Marine environmental health --- Ocean health --- Ecosystem health --- Coastal environmental health --- Coastal health (Ecosystem health) --- Health, Coastal ecosystem --- Chesapeake Bay (Md. and Va.) --- Environmental conditions.

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The Ecosystem Approach in Ocean Planning and Governance takes stock of the challenges associated with implementing an ecosystem approach in ocean governance. In addition to theorizing the notion of Ecosystem Approach and its multifaceted implications, the book provides in depth analyses of lessons learned and remaining challenges associated with making the Ecosystem Approach fully relevant and operational in different marine policy fields, including marine spatial planning, fisheries, and biodiversity protection. In doing so, it adds much needed legal and social science perspectives to the existing literature on the Ecosystem Approach in relation to the marine environment. While focusing predominantly on the European context, the perspective is enriched by analyses from other jurisdictions, including the USA.

Marine resources conservation --- Ocean engineering. --- Marine ecology. --- Marine resources --- Environmental management. --- Marine ecosystem health. --- Law and legislation. --- Government policy. --- Health, Marine ecosystem --- Marine environmental health --- Ocean health --- Ecosystem health --- Environmental stewardship --- Stewardship, Environmental --- Environmental sciences --- Management --- Marine resources and state --- Biological oceanography --- Marine ecosystems --- Ocean --- Aquatic ecology --- Deep-sea engineering --- Oceaneering --- Submarine engineering --- Underwater engineering --- Engineering --- Oceanography --- Marine resources conservation (International law) --- Law of the sea --- Ecology --- Equipment and supplies --- Law and legislation --- Marine policy --- International law

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This book informs environmental planning professionals, students and those interested in oceans and coasts from an environmental perspective about what is needed for planning and management of these unique environments. It is comprised of twelve chapters organized in three parts. Part I highlights the basics tenets of environmental planning for oceans and coasts including important concepts from the general field of planning and coastal and ocean management (e.g., hydrography, oceans policy and law, geomorphology). Environmental problems inherent within oceans and coasts (such as sea level rise, marine pollution, overdevelopment, etc.) are also addressed, especially those at the land–sea interface. Part II covers those methodological approaches regularly used by planners working to improve environmental quality and conditions of oceans and coasts, among them: integrated planning and management, ecosystem services, pollution prevention, and marine spatial planning. Part III focuses specifically on state of the art tools and technologies employed by planners for marine and coastal protection. These include systematic conservation planning for protected areas, decision support tools, coastal adaptation techniques and various types of communication, including visualization, narration and tools for stakeholder participation. The final chapter in the book reviews the most important concepts covered throughout the book and emphasizes the important role that environmental planners have to play in the protection and well-being of oceans and coasts. Michael K. Orbach, of the Nicholas School of the Environment at Duke University, penned the book's foreword.

Oceanography. --- Coastal zone management. --- Marine ecosystem health. --- Environmental protection --- Planning. --- Environmental planning --- Health, Marine ecosystem --- Marine environmental health --- Ocean health --- Coast ecosystem management --- Coastal ecosystem management --- Coastal management --- Coastal resource management --- Coastal resources management --- Coastal zone ecosystem management --- Coasts --- CRM (Coastal resource management) --- Zone management, Coastal --- Management --- Ecosystem health --- Ecosystem management --- Natural resources --- Regional planning --- Coastal engineering --- Coastal Sciences. --- Water Industry/Water Technologies. --- Geotechnical Engineering & Applied Earth Sciences. --- Oceanography, Physical --- Oceanology --- Physical oceanography --- Thalassography --- Earth sciences --- Marine sciences --- Ocean --- Coasts. --- Water-supply. --- Geotechnical engineering. --- Engineering, Geotechnical --- Geotechnics --- Geotechnology --- Engineering geology --- Availability, Water --- Water availability --- Water resources --- Public utilities --- Water resources development --- Water utilities --- Coastal landforms --- Coastal zones --- Coastlines --- Landforms --- Seashore