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Les impacts des changements climatiques sont observés et étudiés dans le monde entier. En plus d'avoir des effets sur de nombreux écosystèmes, ils impactent nos réserves en eau souterraine. La Wallonie est dépendante de ses ressources en eau souterraine pour assurer la distribution publique. Il est nécessaire de surveiller avec rigueur l'évolution de nos réserves en eau. Ce mémoire explore l'impact des changements climatiques récents sur la recharge des aquifères en Wallonie. L’objectif est d’identifier et de quantifier l’impact des variations de recharge sur le niveau des masses d’eau souterraine wallonnes, en distinguant les contributions climatiques des contributions anthropiques.
Pour ce faire, des analyses statistiques rigoureuses telles que le test de Mann-Kendall, le test de pente de Sen et la régression linéaire sont employées sur des chroniques temporelles hydrologiques et météorologiques s’étendant sur une période allant de 20 à 23 ans. Les données hydrologiques s'étendent sur une période allant de 2000 à 2023 et les données météorologiques de 2000 à 2020. Six masses d’eau souterraine wallonnes sont étudiées.
Pour la période étudiée, les résultats montrent une diminution significative de l'eau utile pour les masses d’eau RWE051, RWE030, RWM041 et RWM103 et une diminution des niveaux piézométriques dans les masses d’eau RWE051, RWM040, RWM041 et RWRM092. Les diminutions des niveaux piézométriques des masses d’eau RWE051, RWM040 et RWRM041 sont très probablement causées par la diminution de la recharge. Ce travail contribue à la compréhension des effets climatiques sur les ressources en eau souterraine et met en lumière la nécessité de mettre en place une gestion durable de ces ressources.

Belgique --- série temporelle --- Mann-Kendall --- pente de Sen --- analyse de tendance --- Physique, chimie, mathématiques & sciences de la terre > Sciences de la terre & géographie physique

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This book covers a broad range of sea surface temperature studies from very different points of view and scales; the SST is observed from very local to regional and oceanic scales. The chapters of this book move from local and remote data sensing validation to local and regional trend analysis, and also give some insight into marine heatwaves and future climate scenarios.

sea surface temperature --- upper ocean heat content --- hurricane intensity --- Northeast Pacific --- Hawaii --- Hurricane Genevieve --- Hurricane Iselle --- Hurricane Julio --- satellite SST --- in situ --- coral reefs --- water temperature --- internal waves --- upwelling --- advection --- climate change --- coral bleaching --- air temperature --- Mann–Kendall test --- Split --- Hvar --- Komiža --- decadal and seasonal SST variation --- East China Shelf Seas --- CMIP5 --- WOA18 --- marine heatwaves --- Eastern Mediterranean Sea --- maximum intensity --- wind stress --- mean sea level pressure --- Red Sea --- marine heat wave --- duration --- frequency --- El Niño --- the NECC --- east of the dateline --- Pacific Ocean --- climate variability --- extreme events --- global climate models --- ecosystems --- n/a --- Mann-Kendall test --- Komiža --- El Niño

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Droughts are one of the main extreme meteorological, and hydrological phenomena, which influence both the functioning of ecosystems, and many important sectors of human economic activity. Throughout the world, various direct changes in meteorological, and climatic conditions, such as: air temperature, humidity, and evapotranspiration can be observed. They have a significant influence upon the shaping of the phenomenon of drought. Land cover and land use can also be indirect factors influencing evapotranspiration, and, by the same token, the water balance in the water catchment area. They can also influence the course of the process of the drought. The observed climate change, manifested mainly by increases in temperature, in turn, influencing evapotranspiration, may cause intensification in terms of both the degree and frequency of droughts. Droughts related to changes in the hydrological regime, and to the decrease in water resources. Its results can be observed in various sectors, related, among others, to a demand for water for people, agriculture and the Industry. It can also prove problematic for water ecosystems. To reflect the aforementioned information, a reasonable drought risk management is indispensable in order to ease the water demand related problems in various sectors of human activity. This book presents original research on various drought indicators, modern measurement techniques used, among others, for monitoring and predicting droughts, drought indicator trends, the impact of insufficient precipitation on human activity in the context of climate change, and examples of modern solutions devised to prevent water shortages.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- extensive green roofs --- climate change --- summer drought --- urban vegetation --- phytomass --- fertilizer --- biodiversity --- blue green infrastructure --- pan evaporation --- ANN --- WANN --- SVM-RF --- SVM-LF --- Pusa station --- drought --- SPI --- run theory --- Sen’s estimator --- Mann–Kendall --- Wadi Cheliff Basin --- water stress --- soil moisture --- atmospheric evaporative demand --- eddy covariance --- gross primary productivity --- meteorological drought --- agricultural drought --- atmospheric circulation --- elementary circulation mechanism (ECM) --- information entropy --- atmospheric blocking --- hydrological drought --- trends --- central Poland --- lotic systems --- refuge habitats --- fish --- risk management --- forecasting --- ARIMA --- Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) --- mitigation --- atmospheric drought --- forest drought --- Carpathian Mts. --- beech --- vertical climate zones --- Copernicus Sentinel-1 --- electrical resistivity tomography --- expansive clay --- InSAR --- shrink-swell risk --- SMOS surface soil moisture --- wavelet analysis --- precipitation --- precipitation deficit --- climatic water balance --- n/a --- Sen's estimator --- Mann-Kendall

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Droughts are one of the main extreme meteorological, and hydrological phenomena, which influence both the functioning of ecosystems, and many important sectors of human economic activity. Throughout the world, various direct changes in meteorological, and climatic conditions, such as: air temperature, humidity, and evapotranspiration can be observed. They have a significant influence upon the shaping of the phenomenon of drought. Land cover and land use can also be indirect factors influencing evapotranspiration, and, by the same token, the water balance in the water catchment area. They can also influence the course of the process of the drought. The observed climate change, manifested mainly by increases in temperature, in turn, influencing evapotranspiration, may cause intensification in terms of both the degree and frequency of droughts. Droughts related to changes in the hydrological regime, and to the decrease in water resources. Its results can be observed in various sectors, related, among others, to a demand for water for people, agriculture and the Industry. It can also prove problematic for water ecosystems. To reflect the aforementioned information, a reasonable drought risk management is indispensable in order to ease the water demand related problems in various sectors of human activity. This book presents original research on various drought indicators, modern measurement techniques used, among others, for monitoring and predicting droughts, drought indicator trends, the impact of insufficient precipitation on human activity in the context of climate change, and examples of modern solutions devised to prevent water shortages.

extensive green roofs --- climate change --- summer drought --- urban vegetation --- phytomass --- fertilizer --- biodiversity --- blue green infrastructure --- pan evaporation --- ANN --- WANN --- SVM-RF --- SVM-LF --- Pusa station --- drought --- SPI --- run theory --- Sen’s estimator --- Mann–Kendall --- Wadi Cheliff Basin --- water stress --- soil moisture --- atmospheric evaporative demand --- eddy covariance --- gross primary productivity --- meteorological drought --- agricultural drought --- atmospheric circulation --- elementary circulation mechanism (ECM) --- information entropy --- atmospheric blocking --- hydrological drought --- trends --- central Poland --- lotic systems --- refuge habitats --- fish --- risk management --- forecasting --- ARIMA --- Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) --- mitigation --- atmospheric drought --- forest drought --- Carpathian Mts. --- beech --- vertical climate zones --- Copernicus Sentinel-1 --- electrical resistivity tomography --- expansive clay --- InSAR --- shrink-swell risk --- SMOS surface soil moisture --- wavelet analysis --- precipitation --- precipitation deficit --- climatic water balance --- n/a --- Sen's estimator --- Mann-Kendall

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The stratospheric ozone is important for the protection of the biosphere from the dangerous ultraviolet radiation of the sun, forms the temperature and dynamical structure of the stratosphere, and, therefore, has a direct influence on the general circulation and the surface climate. The tropospheric ozone can damage the biosphere, impact human health, and plays a role as a powerful greenhouse gas. That is why the understanding of the past and future evolution of the ozone in different atmospheric layers, as well as its influence on surface UV radiation doses, and human health is important. The problems of preventing further destruction of the ozone layer, the restoration of the ozone shield in the future, and air quality remain important for society. The interest in these problems was recently enhanced by the unexpected discovery of a negative ozone trend in the lower stratosphere and the appearance of a large ozone hole over the Arctic in spring 2020. This book includes papers describing several aspects of the ozone layer’s state and evolution based on the recent experimental, statistical, and modeling works. The book will be useful for readers, scientists, and students interested in environmental science.

Research & information: general --- ozone --- PM2.5 --- PM10 --- nitrogen dioxide --- respiratory disease --- decision tree model --- merra ozone data --- discontinuities in reanalysis time series --- trend analyses --- total ozone content --- cloudiness --- erythemal radiation --- trend --- chemical–climate model --- ERA-Interim reanalysis --- Northern Eurasia --- UV resources --- stratospheric ozone --- natural and anthropogenic factors --- numerical modeling --- satellite observations --- trend estimations --- tropospheric ozone --- stratospheric intrusion --- horizontal-trough --- ozone layer evolution --- modeling --- climate change --- solar forcing --- ozone precursors --- total column of ozone (TCO) --- trend estimates --- long short-term memory networks (LSTM) --- empirical wavelet transform (EWT) --- forecasting --- Mann-Kendall --- ozone exceedance --- urban site --- rural site --- human health --- ozone enhancement --- Irene --- ozone decline --- potential vorticity --- ozonesondes --- ultraviolet radiation --- forcing