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In The History of Manchuria, 1840-1948, Ian Nish describes the turbulent times which the three Northeastern Provinces of China experienced in the last two centuries. The site of three serious wars in 1894, 1904 and 1919, the territory rarely enjoyed peace though its economy progressed because of the building of arterial railways. From 1932 it came under the rule of the Japanese-inspired government of Manchukuo based at Changchun. But that was short-lived, being brought to an end by the punitive incursion and occupation of the country by Soviet forces in 1945. Thereafter the devastated territory was fought over by Chinese Nationalist and Communist armies until Mukden (Shenyang) fell to the Communists in October 1948. Manchuria, under-populated but strategically important, was the location for disputes between China, Russia and Japan, the three powers making up the 'triangle' which gives the name to the sub-title of this study. These countries were hardly ever at peace with one another, the result being that the economic growth of a potentially wealthy country was seriously retarded. The story is illustrated by extracts drawn from contemporary documents of the three triangular powers.
Guerre russo-japonaise, 1904-1905 --- Guerre russo-japonaise, 1904-1905. --- Russo-Japanese War, 1904-1905 --- Russo-Japanese War, 1904-1905. --- Manchuria (China) --- History --- china. --- civil war. --- colonialism. --- japan. --- manchukuo. --- mukden. --- occupation of territory. --- russia. --- soviet army. --- Diplomatic relations. --- Boundaries.
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A powerful element in twentieth-century Chinese politics has been the myth of Chinese resistance to Japan's seizure of Manchuria in 1931. Investigating the shifting alliances of key players in that event, Rana Mitter traces the development of the narrative of resistance to the occupation and shows how it became part of China's political consciousness, enduring even today. After Japan's September 1931 military strike leading to a takeover of the Northeast, the Chinese responded in three major ways: collaboration, resistance in exile, and resistance on the ground. What motives prompted some Chinese to collaborate, others to resist? What were conditions like under the Japanese? Through careful reading of Chinese and Japanese sources, particularly local government records, newspapers, and journals published both inside and outside occupied Manchuria, Mitter sheds important new light on these questions.
Nationalism --- Consciousness, National --- Identity, National --- National consciousness --- National identity --- International relations --- Patriotism --- Political science --- Autonomy and independence movements --- Internationalism --- Political messianism --- Manchuria (China) --- History --- 1930s. --- china. --- chinese history. --- chinese nationalism. --- collaborators. --- colonialism. --- exile. --- government. --- history. --- imperialism. --- japan. --- japanese occupation. --- kwantung army. --- league of nations. --- ma zhanshan. --- manchukuo. --- manchuria. --- may thirtieth incident. --- military. --- nanjing. --- nation. --- nationalism. --- nonfiction. --- occupied zone. --- political history. --- politics. --- postwar. --- puppet government. --- rebellion. --- resistance fighters. --- resistance. --- salvation society. --- tanggu truce. --- versailles conference. --- violence. --- war. --- zhang xueliang.
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The Sino-Russian border, once the world's longest land border, has received scant attention in histories about the margins of empires. Beyond the Steppe Frontier rectifies this by exploring the demarcation's remarkable transformation-from a vaguely marked frontier in the seventeenth century to its twentieth-century incarnation as a tightly patrolled barrier girded by watchtowers, barbed wire, and border guards. Through the perspectives of locals, including railroad employees, herdsmen, and smugglers from both sides, Sören Urbansky explores the daily life of communities and their entanglements with transnational and global flows of people, commodities, and ideas. Urbansky challenges top-down interpretations by stressing the significance of the local population in supporting, and undermining, border making.Because Russian, Chinese, and native worlds are intricately interwoven, national separations largely remained invisible at the border between the two largest Eurasian empires. This overlapping and mingling came to an end only when the border gained geopolitical significance during the twentieth century. Relying on a wealth of sources culled from little-known archives from across Eurasia, Urbansky demonstrates how states succeeded in suppressing traditional borderland cultures by cutting kin, cultural, economic, and religious connections across the state perimeter, through laws, physical force, deportation, reeducation, forced assimilation, and propaganda.Beyond the Steppe Frontier sheds critical new light on a pivotal geographical periphery and expands our understanding of how borders are determined.
Borderlands --- History --- China --- Russia --- China --- Soviet Union --- Boundaries --- Boundaries --- Boundaries --- Boundaries --- Agriculture (Chinese mythology). --- Agriculture. --- Amur River. --- Ataman. --- Beijing. --- Bolsheviks. --- Border Region. --- Border area. --- Border control. --- Border guard. --- Border trade. --- Border zone. --- Border. --- Bureaucrat. --- Buryats. --- Central Authority. --- China. --- China–Russia border. --- Civilian. --- Colonization. --- Commodity. --- Communist Party of China. --- Communist state. --- Contraband. --- Cossacks. --- Dissolution of the Soviet Union. --- Economic and Social Research Council. --- Far Eastern Republic. --- German Academic Exchange Service. --- Han Chinese. --- Heidelberg University. --- Heihe. --- Heilongjiang. --- Herder. --- Immigration. --- Imperialism. --- Indigenous peoples. --- Infrastructure. --- Inner Asia. --- Inner Mongolia. --- Irkutsk. --- Konstanz. --- Lake Baikal. --- Livestock. --- Looting. --- Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. --- Manchukuo. --- Manchuria. --- Manzhouli. --- Metropole. --- Mongolia. --- Mongolian People's Republic. --- Mongols. --- Nation state. --- Newspaper. --- Northeast China. --- Pasture. --- Peasant. --- People's Liberation Army. --- Politician. --- Politics. --- Qing dynasty. --- Qiqihar. --- Rapprochement. --- Refugee. --- Russian Armed Forces. --- Russian Civil War. --- Russian Empire. --- Russian Far East. --- Russian Revolution. --- Russian diaspora. --- Russian language. --- Russians. --- Russo-Japanese War. --- Satellite state. --- Self-determination. --- Siberia. --- Sinicization. --- Sino-Soviet conflict (1929). --- Sino-Soviet relations. --- Sino-Soviet split. --- Sinophobia. --- Smuggling. --- Sovereignty. --- Soviet Border Troops. --- Soviet Union. --- Soviet people. --- Stalinism. --- Suifenhe. --- Tax. --- Theft. --- Trading post. --- Train station. --- Transbaikal Military District. --- Transbaikal. --- Transliteration. --- Treaty of Nerchinsk. --- Ulaanbaatar. --- Ussuri River. --- World War I.
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Was Japan's economic miracle generated primarily by the Japanese state or by the nation's dynamic private sector? In addressing this question, Kent Calder's richly detailed study offers a distinctive reinterpretation of Japanese government-business relations. Calder challenges popular opinion to demonstrate how Japanese private enterprise has complemented the state in achieving the national purpose of industrial transformation.
Business management --- Capital --- Japan --- Industrial policy --- Industrial organization --- Corporations --- Industrial concentration --- Industrial promotion --- Finance. --- Commercial policy --- Foreign economic relations --- Industry and state --- Finance --- Foreign economic relations. --- Commercial policy. --- Aizawa Hideyuki. --- Ataka Trading Company. --- Bank Funds Utilization Order. --- Bank of Tokyo. --- Banking Law of 1927. --- Cabinet Planning Board. --- Cabinet Research Bureau. --- Capital Integration Bank. --- Citibank. --- Daiwa Securities. --- Deutsche Bank. --- Draper-Johnson Mission. --- Dresdner Bank. --- Finance Control Association. --- Foreign Exchange Control Board. --- Fujimoto Bill Broker. --- Gourevitch, Peter. --- Hayashi Yoshirō. --- Hayward, Jack. --- Hirai Tomisaburō. --- Hoshino Naoto. --- Ikeda Seihin. --- Imazato Koki. --- Inoguchi Takashi. --- Iron and Steel Bureau. --- Ishizaka Taizo. --- Iwasaki family. --- Japan Development Bank Law. --- Japan Trading Association. --- Kanto earthquake. --- Kashiwagi Yusuke. --- Kawasaki Steel. --- Keidanren. --- Kōmoto Toshio. --- Lasswell, Harold. --- Lockheed scandal. --- Manchukuo Model. --- Matsukata Masayoshi. --- Matsushita Electric. --- Ministry of Munitions. --- Mitsubishi Corporation. --- Nagano Shigeo. --- Nissan-Prince merger. --- Nomura Securities. --- Ochi Michio. --- Okita Saburō. --- Onoue Nui. --- Porter, Michael. --- Sasaki Tadashi. --- administrative guidance. --- distributive politics. --- pawnshops. --- quantitative allocation. --- Combinations, Industrial --- Concentration, Industrial --- Economic concentration --- Big business --- Duopolies --- Oligopolies --- Trusts, Industrial --- Competition --- Consolidation and merger of corporations --- Commerce --- Industrial development projects --- al-Yābān --- Giappone --- Government of Japan --- Iapōnia --- I︠A︡ponii︠a︡ --- Japam --- Japani --- Japão --- Japon --- Japonia --- Japonsko --- Japonya --- Jih-pen --- Mư̄ang Yīpun --- Nihon --- Nihon-koku --- Nihonkoku --- Nippon --- Nippon-koku --- Nipponkoku --- Prathēt Yīpun --- Riben --- State of Japan --- Yābān --- Yapan --- Yīpun --- Zhāpān --- Япония --- اليابان --- يابان --- 日本 --- 日本国 --- Industrial policy - Japan. --- Industrial organization - Japan. --- Corporations - Japan - Finance. --- Industrial concentration - Japan. --- Industrial promotion - Japan. --- Jepun --- Yapon --- Yapon Ulus --- I︠A︡pon --- Япон --- I︠A︡pon Uls --- Япон Улс
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In the mid-1600s, Manchu bannermen spearheaded the military force that conquered China and founded the Qing Empire, which endured until 1912. By the end of the Taiping War in 1864, however, the descendants of these conquering people were coming to terms with a loss of legal definition, an ever-steeper decline in living standards, and a sense of abandonment by the Qing court. Focusing on three generations of a Manchu family (from 1750 to the 1930s), Orphan Warriors is the first attempt to understand the social and cultural life of the bannermen within the context of the decay of the Qing regime. The book reveals that the Manchus were not "sinicized," but that they were growing in consciousness of their separate ethnicity in response to changes in their own position and in Chinese attitudes toward them. Pamela Kyle Crossley's treatment of the Suwan Guwalgiya family of Hangzhou is hinged upon Jinliang (1878-1962), who was viewed at various times as a progressive reformer, a promising scholar, a bureaucratic hack, a traitor, and a relic. The author sees reflected in the ambiguities of his persona much of the plight of other Manchus as they were transformed from a conquering caste to an ethnic minority. Throughout Crossley explores the relationships between cultural decline and cultural survival, polity and identity, ethnicity and the disintegration of empires, all of which frame much of our understanding of the origins of the modern world.
Manchus --- China --- Social life and customs. --- History, 1644-1912. --- History --- Geschichte. --- Militär --- Waisenkind --- Mandschu --- Mandschu (Volk) --- China. --- Albazinians. --- Anhui. --- Annam. --- Babojab. --- Bogue. --- Britain. --- Buddhism. --- Canton (Guangzhou). --- Changxi. --- Chen Tianhua. --- Dai Xi. --- Dong Fuxiang. --- Eight Trigrams Rebellion. --- Enming. --- Fujian. --- Gelao hui. --- Gong Zizhen. --- Guan Tianpei. --- Guanyin. --- Guizhou. --- Hangzhou. --- Heilongjiang (province). --- Hualianbu. --- Hulun federation. --- Jiangxi. --- Jingshan diary. --- Johnston, Reginald. --- Kang Youwei. --- Korea and Koreans. --- Kuoputongwu. --- Li Hongzhang. --- Liang Qichao. --- Manchukuo. --- Manwen xuexiao. --- Ming dynasty. --- Mongolian banners. --- Nanjing. --- New Army. --- adoption. --- banishment. --- black markets. --- children. --- clans. --- corruption. --- divination. --- education. --- examinations. --- foreign aid and advisors. --- fuxiaoqi canling. --- genealogy. --- hanjian. --- homelessness. --- identity. --- imperial archives. --- indemnities. --- irregulars. --- magistracy. --- mercenaries. --- opium addiction. --- Cina --- Kinë --- Cathay --- Chinese National Government --- Chung-kuo kuo min cheng fu --- Republic of China (1912-1949) --- Kuo min cheng fu (China : 1912-1949) --- Chung-hua min kuo (1912-1949) --- Kina (China) --- National Government (1912-1949) --- China (Republic : 1912-1949) --- People's Republic of China --- Chinese People's Republic --- Chung-hua jen min kung ho kuo --- Central People's Government of Communist China --- Chung yang jen min cheng fu --- Chung-hua chung yang jen min kung ho kuo --- Central Government of the People's Republic of China --- Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo --- Zhong hua ren min gong he guo --- Kitaĭskai︠a︡ Narodnai︠a︡ Respublika --- Činská lidová republika --- RRT --- Republik Rakjat Tiongkok --- KNR --- Kytaĭsʹka Narodna Respublika --- Jumhūriyat al-Ṣīn al-Shaʻbīyah --- RRC --- Kitaĭ --- Kínai Népköztársaság --- Chūka Jinmin Kyōwakoku --- Erets Sin --- Sin --- Sāthāranarat Prachāchon Čhīn --- P.R. China --- PR China --- PRC --- P.R.C. --- Chung-kuo --- Zhongguo --- Zhonghuaminguo (1912-1949) --- Zhong guo --- Chine --- République Populaire de Chine --- República Popular China --- Catay --- VR China --- VRChina --- 中國 --- 中国 --- 中华人民共和国 --- Jhongguó --- Bu̇gu̇de Nayiramdaxu Dundadu Arad Ulus --- Bu̇gu̇de Nayiramdaqu Dumdadu Arad Ulus --- Bu̇gd Naĭramdakh Dundad Ard Uls --- BNKhAU --- БНХАУ --- Khi︠a︡tad --- Kitad --- Dumdadu Ulus --- Dumdad Uls --- Думдад Улс --- Kitajska --- China (Republic : 1949- ) --- Mandschuren --- Manchu --- Tungusen --- Alleinstehendes Kind --- Allein stehendes Kind --- Waise --- Elternloses Kind --- Kind --- Heimkind --- Heerwesen --- Kriegswesen --- Streitkräfte --- Wehrwesen --- Armee --- Rüstung --- Militärwesen
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China --- Manchoukuo --- -Manchoukuo --- -United States --- United States --- Foreign relations --- -Commerce --- -History --- Commerce --- -Foreign relations --- -China --- Manchuria --- Manzhou --- Man-chou --- Manzhouguo --- Man-chou-kuo --- Manchukuo --- Man'chzhu-Di-Go --- Man'chzhu-Go --- Manciu-cuo --- Mandchoukouo --- Mandschukuo --- Manchuria (State) --- Manjuguk --- Manshū-koku --- Manshūkoku --- Manzhou di guo --- Man-chou ti kuo --- Manciukuò --- 滿洲國 --- 滿洲帝國 --- Cina --- Kinë --- Cathay --- Chinese National Government --- Chung-kuo kuo min cheng fu --- Republic of China (1912-1949) --- Kuo min cheng fu (China : 1912-1949) --- Chung-hua min kuo (1912-1949) --- Kina (China) --- National Government (1912-1949) --- China (Republic : 1912-1949) --- People's Republic of China --- Chinese People's Republic --- Chung-hua jen min kung ho kuo --- Central People's Government of Communist China --- Chung yang jen min cheng fu --- Chung-hua chung yang jen min kung ho kuo --- Central Government of the People's Republic of China --- Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo --- Zhong hua ren min gong he guo --- Kitaĭskai︠a︡ Narodnai︠a︡ Respublika --- Činská lidová republika --- RRT --- Republik Rakjat Tiongkok --- KNR --- Kytaĭsʹka Narodna Respublika --- Jumhūriyat al-Ṣīn al-Shaʻbīyah --- RRC --- Kitaĭ --- Kínai Népköztársaság --- Chūka Jinmin Kyōwakoku --- Erets Sin --- Sin --- Sāthāranarat Prachāchon Čhīn --- P.R. China --- PR China --- Chung-kuo --- Zhongguo --- Zhonghuaminguo (1912-1949) --- Zhong guo --- Chine --- République Populaire de Chine --- República Popular China --- Catay --- VR China --- VRChina --- 中國 --- 中国 --- 中华人民共和国 --- Jhongguó --- Bu̇gu̇de Nayiramdaxu Dundadu Arad Ulus --- Bu̇gu̇de Nayiramdaqu Dumdadu Arad Ulus --- Bu̇gd Naĭramdakh Dundad Ard Uls --- Khi︠a︡tad --- Kitad --- Dumdadu Ulus --- Dumdad Uls --- Думдад Улс --- Kitajska --- U.S.A. --- Jungtinės Amerikos valstybės --- Soedinennye Shtaty Si︠e︡vernoĭ Ameriki --- Soedinennye Shtaty Severnoĭ Ameriki --- Si︠e︡vero-Amerikanskīe Soedinennye Shtaty --- Severo-Amerikanskie Soedinennye Shtaty --- Zlucheni Derz︠h︡avy --- USA --- US --- Arhab --- Ar. ha-B. --- Artsot ha-Berit --- ولايات المتحدة الامريكية --- Wilāyāt al-Muttaḥidah al-Amirīkīyah --- ABSh --- Amerika Birlăshmish Shtatlary --- ABŞ --- Amerika Birlăşmi Ştatları --- Forente stater --- Spojené staty americké --- Severo-Amerikanskie Shtaty --- Sjedinjene Američke Države --- Zʹi︠e︡dnani Derz︠h︡avy Ameryky --- Amerikai Egyesült Államok --- Yhdysvallat --- Verenigde Staten --- Egyesült Államok --- Hiwsisayin Amerikayi Miatsʻeal Tērutʻiwnkʻ --- Estados Unidos de América --- United States of America --- Fareyniḳṭe Shṭaṭn --- Artzois Ha'bris --- Estados Unidos da América do Norte --- SShA --- Soedinennye Shtaty Ameriki --- VSA --- États-Unis d'Amérique --- Vereinigte Staaten von Amerika --- Stati Uniti d'America --- Estados Unidos --- EE.UU. --- Stany Zjednoczone --- ĒPA --- Amerika Qūrama Shtattary --- Amerika Qŭshma Shtatlari --- SAD --- Saharat ʻAmērikā --- Hēnomenai Politeiai Amerikēs --- ZSA --- Mei-kuo --- Meiguo --- Mei guo --- ZDA --- Združene države Amerike --- U.S. --- America (Republic) --- Amirika Carékat --- Verenigde State van Amerika --- VS --- ولايات المتحدة --- Wilāyāt al-Muttaḥidah --- ولايات المتّحدة الأمريكيّة --- Wilāyāt al-Muttaḥidah al-Amrīkīyah --- Estatos Unitos --- Estatos Unitos d'America --- Ètats-Unis d'Amèrica --- Estaos Xuníos d'América --- Estaos Xuníos --- Tetã peteĩ reko Amérikagua --- Istadus Unidus --- Amerika Birlăşmiş Ştatları --- Amerika ka Kelenyalen Jamanaw --- Bí-kok --- Amerika Qushma Shtattary --- AQSh --- Злучаныя Штаты Амерыкі --- Zluchanyi︠a︡ Shtaty Ameryki --- Yunaeted Stet blong Amerika --- Yunaeted Stet --- Vaeinigte Staatn --- Vaeinigte Staatn vo Amerika --- Stadoù-Unanet Amerika --- Sŭedineni amerikanski shtati --- САЩ --- SASht --- Съединените щати --- Sŭedinenite shtati --- Америка (Republic) --- Amerika (Republic) --- Estats Units d'Amèrica --- Америкӑри Пӗрлешӳллӗ Штатсем --- Amerikări Pĕrleshu̇llĕ Shtatsem --- Stati Uniti --- SUA (Stati Uniti d'America) --- Unol Daleithiau America --- Unol Daleithiau --- Amerikas Forenede Stater --- Vereinigte Staaten --- Wááshindoon Bikéyah Ałhidadiidzooígíí --- Zjadnośone staty Ameriki --- Ameerika Ühendriigid --- Ηνωμένες Πολιτείες της Αμερικής --- Hēnōmenes Politeies tēs Amerikēs --- Η.Π.Α. --- Ē.P.A. --- Usono --- Unuiĝintaj Ŝtatoj de Ameriko --- Американь Вейтьсэндявкс Штаттнэ --- Amerikanʹ Veĭtʹsėndi︠a︡vks Shtattnė --- Ameriketako Estatu Batuak --- Feriene Steaten --- Feriene Steaten fan Amearika --- FS --- Stâts Unîts di Americhe --- Stâts Unîts --- Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá --- Steatyn Unnaneysit America --- Steatyn Unnaneysit --- S.U.A. --- Na Stàitean Aonaichte --- NSA --- Mî-koet --- 미국 --- Miguk --- Amerikayi Miatsʻyal Nahangner --- Miatsʻyal Nahangner --- Manchuria (China) --- China, Northeast --- Northeast China --- History. --- Американь Вейтьсэндявкс Штаттнэ --- Spojené obce severoamerické --- États-Unis --- É.-U. --- ÉU
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