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The aim of this paper is to analyze the relationship between labor market flexibility and unemployment outcomes. Using a panel of 97 countries from 1985 to 2008, the results of the paper suggest that improvements in labor market flexibility have a statistically and significant negative impact on unemployment outcomes (over unemployment, youth unemployment and long-term unemployment). Among the different labor market flexibility indicators analyzed, hiring and firing regulations and hiring costs are found to have the strongest effect.

Labor market --- Unemployment --- Joblessness --- Employment (Economic theory) --- Full employment policies --- Labor supply --- Manpower policy --- Underemployment --- Employees --- Market, Labor --- Supply and demand for labor --- Markets --- Econometric models. --- Supply and demand --- Labor --- Macroeconomics: Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment and Investment: Other --- Mobility, Unemployment, and Vacancies: General --- Business Fluctuations --- Cycles --- Demand and Supply of Labor: General --- Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search --- Particular Labor Markets: General --- Labour --- income economics --- Labor market flexibility --- Labor market institutions --- Labor markets --- Unemployment rate --- Income economics

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The aim of this paper is to analyze unemployment and labor market developments in Algeria and assess the factors that may hamper employment creation. The results of the paper suggest that the relative low output-employment elasticities and rigid labor market are the main factors behind the still high level of unemployment, particularly among the youth. Simulation analyses, based on the results on the relation between labor market institutions and unemployment, show that improvement in labor market conditions in Algeria would be key in reducing unemployment both in the short- and medium-term.

Unemployment --- Labor market --- Economic history. --- Joblessness --- Employment (Economic theory) --- Full employment policies --- Labor supply --- Manpower policy --- Underemployment --- Employees --- Market, Labor --- Supply and demand for labor --- Markets --- Economic conditions --- History, Economic --- Economics --- Econometric models. --- Supply and demand --- Algeria --- Economic conditions. --- Labor --- Macroeconomics: Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment and Investment: Other --- Mobility, Unemployment, and Vacancies: General --- Business Fluctuations --- Cycles --- Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search --- Demand and Supply of Labor: General --- Employment --- Wages --- Intergenerational Income Distribution --- Aggregate Human Capital --- Aggregate Labor Productivity --- Labour --- income economics --- Labor markets --- Labor market flexibility --- Unemployment rate --- Economic theory --- Income economics

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Using a sample of 97 countries spanning the period 1980?2008, we estimate that financial crises have a large negative impact on unemployment in the short term, but that this effect rapidly disappears in the medium term in countries with flexible labor market institutions, whereas the impact of financial crises is less pronounced but more persistent in countries with more rigid labor market institutions. These effects are even larger for youth unemployment in the short term and long-term unemployment in the medium term. Conversely, large upfront, or gradual but significant, comprehensive labor market policies have a positive impact on unemployment, albeit only in the medium term.

Business & Economics --- Economic Theory --- Financial crises --- Unemployment --- Labor market --- Manpower policy. --- Econometric models. --- Employment policy --- Human resource development --- Labor market policy --- Manpower utilization --- Employees --- Market, Labor --- Supply and demand for labor --- Joblessness --- Crashes, Financial --- Crises, Financial --- Financial crashes --- Financial panics --- Panics (Finance) --- Stock exchange crashes --- Stock market panics --- Government policy --- Supply and demand --- Labor policy --- Labor supply --- Trade adjustment assistance --- Markets --- Employment (Economic theory) --- Full employment policies --- Manpower policy --- Right to labor --- Underemployment --- Crises --- Labor --- Macroeconomics: Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment and Investment: Other --- Mobility, Unemployment, and Vacancies: General --- Business Fluctuations --- Cycles --- Demand and Supply of Labor: General --- Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search --- Particular Labor Markets: General --- Labor Economics Policies --- Labour --- income economics --- Labor market flexibility --- Labor market institutions --- Labor markets --- Denmark --- Income economics

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This paper estimates the potential output (and the output gap) in Chile using several different methodologies. After a structural brake in 1998, the average growth rate of potential output in Chile declined from over 7 percent to 3-4 percent in the aggregate economy, but to less than 2 percent in the natural resource sector. The contributions to aggregate potential output growth of the natural resource sector and the non-natural resource sector are estimated, finding that the contribution to growth of the natural resource sector is non-linear-increasing during the 1990s, declining during the 2000s, and turning negative in the mid-2000s-despite the monotonic decrease in the share of natural resource output in aggregate output.

Input-output analysis --- Economic development --- Natural resources --- National resources --- Resources, Natural --- Resource-based communities --- Resource curse --- Development, Economic --- Economic growth --- Growth, Economic --- Economic policy --- Economics --- Statics and dynamics (Social sciences) --- Development economics --- Interindustry economics --- Economics, Mathematical --- National income --- Input-output tables --- Econometric models. --- Economic aspects --- Accounting --- Macroeconomics --- Production and Operations Management --- Natural Resources --- Measurement and Data on National Income and Product Accounts and Wealth --- Environmental Accounts --- Macroeconomics: Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment and Investment: Other --- Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles: Other --- General Outlook and Conditions --- Macroeconomics: Production --- Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics --- Environmental and Ecological Economics: General --- Production --- Cost --- Capital and Total Factor Productivity --- Capacity --- Labor Economics: General --- Environmental management --- Labour --- income economics --- Potential output --- Output gap --- Total factor productivity --- Labor --- Environment --- Economic theory --- Industrial productivity --- Labor economics --- Chile --- Income economics