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This book is a collection of research papers that describe some of the latest research on lithium niobate, which is an important material with many technological applications. The papers fall into three sections, which respectively consider the relationship between photorefractive properties and the defect structure of lithium niobate, powder preparation using a wet chemistry method and high-energy ball-milling technique, and finally the investigation of the domain structures, stability and conduction, and applications in waveguide devices.

Research & information: general --- lithium niobate --- optical storage materials --- photorefractive materials --- high-energy ball-milling --- nanocrystals --- mechanochemical reaction --- chemical composition --- powders --- microparticles --- photonic electric-field sensor --- titanium diffused optical channel waveguide --- lithium–niobate electro-optic effect --- Y-fed balanced-bridge Mach-Zehnder interferometer (YBB-MZI) --- electro-optic modulator --- lithium niobate thin film --- proton exchange --- Mach-Zehnder --- integrated optics devices --- doping magnesium --- Bridgman method --- high homogeneity --- thermal stability --- nano-domain --- LNOI --- pre-heat treatment --- divalent --- trivalent --- tetravalent --- pentavalent and hexavalent doping --- computer modelling --- photorefractive properties --- defect structure --- conducting domain walls --- ferroelectric films --- lithium niobate-on-insulator --- scanning probe microscopy --- non-volatile memory

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The Special Issue "Fiber Optic Sensors in Chemical and Biological Applications” gathers recent original papers. The subjects of the papers cover a broad range of optical fiber chemical sensors and biosensors applied for regulation in bioreactors, to novel concepts of intrinsic optical fiber sensors.

fiber optic sensor --- gold nanoparticles --- localized surface plasmon resonance --- mercury --- ppb --- refractive index sensor --- gas sensor --- hollow-core photonic crystal fiber --- Mach–Zehnder interferometer --- whole-cell biosensor --- bioluminescent bioreporter --- optical fiber biosensor --- toluene --- Pseudomonas putida TVA8 --- Escherichia coli 652T7 --- fiber optics --- long period grating --- fiber optical sensors --- refractive index --- chemical sensing --- mercapto compound --- yeast cultivation --- feedback regulation --- glucose detection --- optical biosensor --- laser-induced plasma spectroscopy --- microchip laser --- hair analysis --- OFDR type DAS --- phase fading solution --- high SNR --- real-time events detection --- ammonia detection --- layer-by-layer --- U-bent optical fiber --- porphyrin --- poly(styrene sulfonate) --- diazo resin --- photocrosslinking

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Novel Specialty Optical Fibers and Applications focuses on the latest developments in specialty fiber technology and its applications. The aim of this reprint is to provide an overview of specialty optical fibers in terms of their technological developments and applications. Contributions include:1. Specialty fibers composed of special materials for new functionalities and applications in new spectral windows.2. Hollow-core fiber-based applications.3. Functionalized fibers.4. Structurally engineered fibers.5. Specialty fibers for distributed fiber sensors.6. Specialty fibers for communications.

optical amplifiers --- doped fiber amplifiers --- near-infrared --- molecular gas spectroscopy --- photothermal spectroscopy --- heterodyne detection --- specialty fiber --- anti-resonant effect --- hollow structure --- sensing applications --- orbital angular momentum --- optical fiber --- fiber mode crosstalk --- vortex mode generator --- fiber optics --- plasmonic gratings --- nanodot --- light collection --- hollow-core fibers --- anti-resonant hollow-core fibers --- tapered fibers --- fiber gas lasers --- fiber end cap --- SiO2-Au-TiO2 heterostructure --- long-range surface plasmon resonance --- microstructured optical fiber --- fiber sensor --- photonic crystal fibers --- fiber lasers --- stimulated Raman scattering --- gas Raman lasers --- specialty fibers --- Brillouin optical time domain analysis --- BOTDA --- distributed fiber sensor --- photonic crystal fiber --- strain and temperature sensing --- liquid crystal --- dual-core photonic crystal fiber --- polarization beam splitter --- extinction ratio --- polarization filter --- surface plasmon resonance --- gold-coated --- crosstalk --- mid-infrared (mid-IR) --- chalcogenide glasses (ChGs) --- optical microfibers (MFs) --- supercontinuum (SC) --- molecular sensing --- Raman spectroscopy --- capillary-based hollow core fibers --- hollow core photonic crystal fiber --- detection --- distributed acoustic sensing --- DAS --- scattering enhancement fiber --- fiber-optic sensors --- few-mode fiber --- microfiber --- Mach–Zehnder interferometer --- critical wavelength --- multicore fiber --- fiber Bragg grating --- long period grating --- fiber grating sensors --- n/a --- Mach-Zehnder interferometer

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This book is a collection of research papers that describe some of the latest research on lithium niobate, which is an important material with many technological applications. The papers fall into three sections, which respectively consider the relationship between photorefractive properties and the defect structure of lithium niobate, powder preparation using a wet chemistry method and high-energy ball-milling technique, and finally the investigation of the domain structures, stability and conduction, and applications in waveguide devices.

Research & information: general --- lithium niobate --- optical storage materials --- photorefractive materials --- high-energy ball-milling --- nanocrystals --- mechanochemical reaction --- chemical composition --- powders --- microparticles --- photonic electric-field sensor --- titanium diffused optical channel waveguide --- lithium–niobate electro-optic effect --- Y-fed balanced-bridge Mach-Zehnder interferometer (YBB-MZI) --- electro-optic modulator --- lithium niobate thin film --- proton exchange --- Mach-Zehnder --- integrated optics devices --- doping magnesium --- Bridgman method --- high homogeneity --- thermal stability --- nano-domain --- LNOI --- pre-heat treatment --- divalent --- trivalent --- tetravalent --- pentavalent and hexavalent doping --- computer modelling --- photorefractive properties --- defect structure --- conducting domain walls --- ferroelectric films --- lithium niobate-on-insulator --- scanning probe microscopy --- non-volatile memory --- lithium niobate --- optical storage materials --- photorefractive materials --- high-energy ball-milling --- nanocrystals --- mechanochemical reaction --- chemical composition --- powders --- microparticles --- photonic electric-field sensor --- titanium diffused optical channel waveguide --- lithium–niobate electro-optic effect --- Y-fed balanced-bridge Mach-Zehnder interferometer (YBB-MZI) --- electro-optic modulator --- lithium niobate thin film --- proton exchange --- Mach-Zehnder --- integrated optics devices --- doping magnesium --- Bridgman method --- high homogeneity --- thermal stability --- nano-domain --- LNOI --- pre-heat treatment --- divalent --- trivalent --- tetravalent --- pentavalent and hexavalent doping --- computer modelling --- photorefractive properties --- defect structure --- conducting domain walls --- ferroelectric films --- lithium niobate-on-insulator --- scanning probe microscopy --- non-volatile memory

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Emergent quantum mechanics explores the possibility of an ontology for quantum mechanics. The resurgence of interest in ""deeper-level"" theories for quantum phenomena challenges the standard, textbook interpretation. The book presents expert views that critically evaluate the significance—for 21st century physics—of ontological quantum mechanics, an approach that David Bohm helped pioneer. The possibility of a deterministic quantum theory was first introduced with the original de Broglie-Bohm theory, which has also been developed as Bohmian mechanics. The wide range of perspectives that were contributed to this book on the occasion of David Bohm’s centennial celebration provide ample evidence for the physical consistency of ontological quantum mechanics. The book addresses deeper-level questions such as the following: Is reality intrinsically random or fundamentally interconnected? Is the universe local or nonlocal? Might a radically new conception of reality include a form of quantum causality or quantum ontology? What is the role of the experimenter agent? As the book demonstrates, the advancement of ‘quantum ontology’—as a scientific concept—marks a clear break with classical reality. The search for quantum reality entails unconventional causal structures and non-classical ontology, which can be fully consistent with the known record of quantum observations in the laboratory.

non-locality --- ultraviolet divergence --- constraints --- Kilmister equation --- bohmian mechanics --- epistemic agent --- Bohmian mechanics --- relational space --- Feynman paths --- Langevin equation --- quantum causality --- emergent quantum gravity --- quantum ontology --- interpretations --- emergent quantum state --- undecidable dynamics --- molecule interference --- emergent quantum mechanics --- no-hidden-variables theorems --- mind–body problem --- physical ontology --- quantum foundations --- matter-wave optics --- conscious agent --- diffusion constant --- Bell theorem --- Burgers equation --- objective non-signaling constraint --- self-referential dynamics --- Bell inequality --- interpretation --- photochemistry --- Born rule statistics --- sub-quantum dynamics --- dynamical chaos --- weak measurement --- p-adic metric --- Levi-Civita connection --- David Bohm --- H-theorem --- the causal arrow of time --- strong coupling --- vortical dynamics --- fundamental irreversibility --- magnetic deflectometry --- quantum thermodynamics --- de Broglie–Bohm interpretation of quantum mechanics --- wavefunction nodes --- stochastic quantum dynamics --- entropic gravity --- metrology --- Schrödinger equation --- gauge freedom --- Monte Carlo simulations --- micro-constituents --- nonequilibrium thermodynamics --- Bell’s theorem --- emergent space-time --- spin --- quantum field theory --- time-symmetry --- Gaussian-like solutions --- Hamiltonian --- number theory --- fractional velocity --- ergodicity --- fractal geometry --- atomic metastable states --- operator thermodynamic functions --- Canonical Presentation --- Retrocausation --- interpretations of quantum mechanics --- Bohm theory --- quantum mechanics --- zero-point field --- conspiracy --- pilot wave --- quantum holism --- toy-models --- curvature tensor --- Aharonov–Bohm effect --- computational irreducibility --- Stochastic Electrodynamics --- diffraction --- retrocausality --- resonances in quantum systems --- stochastic differential equations --- Bianchi identity --- past of the photon --- commutator --- relational interpretation of quantum mechanics --- free will --- nomology --- trajectories --- primitive ontology --- Mach–Zehnder interferometer --- weak values --- singular limit --- interior-boundary condition --- Poincaré recurrence --- quantum inaccessibility --- symplectic camel --- surrealistic trajectories --- observables --- Stern-Gerlach --- decoherence --- quantum non-equilibrium --- generalized Lagrangian paths --- superdeterminism --- black hole thermodynamics --- nonlocality --- measurement problem --- entropy and time evolution --- bouncing oil droplets --- spontaneous state reduction --- quantum theory --- many interacting worlds --- complex entropy. --- Turing incomputability --- iterant --- space-time fluctuations --- quantum potential --- ontological quantum mechanics --- photon trajectory --- Dove prism --- the Friedrichs model --- contextuality --- discrete calculus --- transition probability amplitude --- gravity --- pilot-wave theory --- matter-waves --- de Broglie-Bohm theory --- covariant quantum gravity --- atom-surface scattering --- de Broglie–Bohm theory --- non-locality --- ultraviolet divergence --- constraints --- Kilmister equation --- bohmian mechanics --- epistemic agent --- Bohmian mechanics --- relational space --- Feynman paths --- Langevin equation --- quantum causality --- emergent quantum gravity --- quantum ontology --- interpretations --- emergent quantum state --- undecidable dynamics --- molecule interference --- emergent quantum mechanics --- no-hidden-variables theorems --- mind–body problem --- physical ontology --- quantum foundations --- matter-wave optics --- conscious agent --- diffusion constant --- Bell theorem --- Burgers equation --- objective non-signaling constraint --- self-referential dynamics --- Bell inequality --- interpretation --- photochemistry --- Born rule statistics --- sub-quantum dynamics --- dynamical chaos --- weak measurement --- p-adic metric --- Levi-Civita connection --- David Bohm --- H-theorem --- the causal arrow of time --- strong coupling --- vortical dynamics --- fundamental irreversibility --- magnetic deflectometry --- quantum thermodynamics --- de Broglie–Bohm interpretation of quantum mechanics --- wavefunction nodes --- stochastic quantum dynamics --- entropic gravity --- metrology --- Schrödinger equation --- gauge freedom --- Monte Carlo simulations --- micro-constituents --- nonequilibrium thermodynamics --- Bell’s theorem --- emergent space-time --- spin --- quantum field theory --- time-symmetry --- Gaussian-like solutions --- Hamiltonian --- number theory --- fractional velocity --- ergodicity --- fractal geometry --- atomic metastable states --- operator thermodynamic functions --- Canonical Presentation --- Retrocausation --- interpretations of quantum mechanics --- Bohm theory --- quantum mechanics --- zero-point field --- conspiracy --- pilot wave --- quantum holism --- toy-models --- curvature tensor --- Aharonov–Bohm effect --- computational irreducibility --- Stochastic Electrodynamics --- diffraction --- retrocausality --- resonances in quantum systems --- stochastic differential equations --- Bianchi identity --- past of the photon --- commutator --- relational interpretation of quantum mechanics --- free will --- nomology --- trajectories --- primitive ontology --- Mach–Zehnder interferometer --- weak values --- singular limit --- interior-boundary condition --- Poincaré recurrence --- quantum inaccessibility --- symplectic camel --- surrealistic trajectories --- observables --- Stern-Gerlach --- decoherence --- quantum non-equilibrium --- generalized Lagrangian paths --- superdeterminism --- black hole thermodynamics --- nonlocality --- measurement problem --- entropy and time evolution --- bouncing oil droplets --- spontaneous state reduction --- quantum theory --- many interacting worlds --- complex entropy. --- Turing incomputability --- iterant --- space-time fluctuations --- quantum potential --- ontological quantum mechanics --- photon trajectory --- Dove prism --- the Friedrichs model --- contextuality --- discrete calculus --- transition probability amplitude --- gravity --- pilot-wave theory --- matter-waves --- de Broglie-Bohm theory --- covariant quantum gravity --- atom-surface scattering --- de Broglie–Bohm theory