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conditions de travail --- motivations --- conflits collectifs --- conditions de travail --- motivations --- conflits collectifs

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The purpose of this thesis consists in highlighting the motivations that encourage individuals to start on the path of social entrepreneurship. We noticed that, nowadays, people want to experiment a lot of different jobs. Indeed, on average, the actual generation moves and changes of occupation every three or five years.
To get a better understanding of our reflexion, this thesis is built in three parts. First, in the entire population, we look at individuals who want to change their work-life and leave their job to find another one which better matches their values. Then, we focus our analysis on people who move towards entrepreneurship. Finally, we only take into account individuals who have become social entrepreneurs.
This study is carried through a qualitative method based on “life story theory” and on the professional careers of eight social entrepreneurs.
Four conclusions are exposed in this work: motivations are considered as causes or consequences, motivations are based on personal or social interest, motivations are influenced by external factors which ease the creation and motivations need maturity to be effective.
This master thesis does not bring up new theories but make a summary of existing theories on the subject of social entrepreneurs’ motivations and makes a comparison between these theories and the results analysed in the practical part.
Social entrepreneurship is the new trend of the last years and our work wants to bring to the fore this concept and maybe give the motivation to other people to join the procedure.

motivations --- entrepreneurship --- social entrepreneurs --- Sciences économiques & de gestion > Economie sociale

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Par le prisme de la socialisation professionnelle des policiers, la présente étude a pour but de répondre à la question suivante : « Quels sont les mobiles spécifiques qui animent les enquêteurs mœurs au début et durant leur carrière et quelles sont les problématiques liées à leurs missions ayant un impact sur leur motivation ? » Cette étude tentera d’y répondre au travers d’une recherche qualitative exploratoire sous la forme d’entretiens semi-directifs et en ayant recours à l’analyse thématique. Notre échantillon de type boule de neige est composé de neuf enquêteurs travaillant dans la matière des mœurs depuis plus de deux ans dans un service de police judiciaire fédéral ou local. L’analyse des résultats met en évidence la place centrale de l’aspect humain dans la pratique du métier aussi bien dans les réponses sur les motivations que dans les réponses sur les problématiques. En effet, l’étude montre que ces policiers sont mus par un sentiment d’utilité, une volonté de comprendre et une volonté de s’investir correspondant aux motivations de dévouement décrites par la littérature scientifique. Ces motivations sont cependant mises à mal par une importante charge émotionnelle liée au contenu des dossiers et par une charge supplémentaire liée à la manière de travailler. Ces charges les obligent à établir des mécanismes de défense tels qu’un renforcement de l’esprit d’équipe, l’expression de ses limites, la pratique d’un humour noir et d’autres stratégies individuelles. Cette étude contribue à une meilleure compréhension de la socialisation professionnelle des enquêteurs mœurs.

« enquêteurs mœurs », « socialisation professionnelle », « motivations » --- Droit, criminologie & sciences politiques > Criminologie

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Extreme sports, those activities that lie on the outermost edges of independent adventurous leisure activities, where a mismanaged mistake or accident would most likely result in death, have developed into a significant worldwide phenomenon (Brymer& Schweitzer, 2017a). Extreme sport activities are continually evolving, typical examples include BASE (an acronym for Buildings, Antennae, Span, Earth) jumping and related activities such as proximity flying, extreme skiing, big wave surfing, waterfall kayaking, rope free solo climbing and high-level mountaineering. While participant numbers in many traditional team and individual sports such as golf, basketball and racket sports have declined over the last decade or so, participant numbers in so called extreme sports have surged. Although extreme sports are still assumed to be a Western pastime, there has been considerable Global uptake. Equally, the idea that adventure sports are only for the young is also changing as participation rates across the generations are growing. For example, baby boomers are enthusiastic participants of adventure sports more generally (Brymer & Schweitzer, 2017b; Patterson, 2002) and Generation Z turn to extreme sports because hey are popular and linked to escapism (Giannoulakis & Pursglove, 2017) . Arguably, extreme sports now support a multi-billion dollar industry and the momentum seems to be intensifying. Traditional explanations for why extreme sports have become so popular are varied. For some, the popularity is explained as the desire to rebel against a society that is becoming too risk averse, for others it is about the spectacle and the merchandise that is associated with organised activities and athletes. For others it is just that there are a lot of people attracted by risk and danger or just want to show off. For others still it is about the desire to belong to sub-cultures and the glamour that goes with extreme sports. Some seek mastery in their chosen activity and in situations of significant challenges. This confusion is unfortunate as despite their popularity there is still a negative perception about extreme sports participation. There is a pressing need for clarity. The dominant research perspective has focused on positivist theory-driven perspectives that attempt to match extreme sports against predetermined characteristics. For the most part empirical research has conformed to predetermined societal perspectives. Other ways of knowing might reveal more nuanced perspectives of the human dimension of extreme sport participation. This special edition brings together cutting-edge research and thought examining psychology and extreme sports, with particular attention payed to the examination of motivations for initial participation, continue participation, effective performance, and outcomes from participation.

Science: general issues --- Psychology --- extreme sports --- wellbeing --- Learning --- performance --- motivations --- definitions --- extreme sports --- wellbeing --- Learning --- performance --- motivations --- definitions

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Extreme sports, those activities that lie on the outermost edges of independent adventurous leisure activities, where a mismanaged mistake or accident would most likely result in death, have developed into a significant worldwide phenomenon (Brymer& Schweitzer, 2017a). Extreme sport activities are continually evolving, typical examples include BASE (an acronym for Buildings, Antennae, Span, Earth) jumping and related activities such as proximity flying, extreme skiing, big wave surfing, waterfall kayaking, rope free solo climbing and high-level mountaineering. While participant numbers in many traditional team and individual sports such as golf, basketball and racket sports have declined over the last decade or so, participant numbers in so called extreme sports have surged. Although extreme sports are still assumed to be a Western pastime, there has been considerable Global uptake. Equally, the idea that adventure sports are only for the young is also changing as participation rates across the generations are growing. For example, baby boomers are enthusiastic participants of adventure sports more generally (Brymer & Schweitzer, 2017b; Patterson, 2002) and Generation Z turn to extreme sports because hey are popular and linked to escapism (Giannoulakis & Pursglove, 2017) . Arguably, extreme sports now support a multi-billion dollar industry and the momentum seems to be intensifying. Traditional explanations for why extreme sports have become so popular are varied. For some, the popularity is explained as the desire to rebel against a society that is becoming too risk averse, for others it is about the spectacle and the merchandise that is associated with organised activities and athletes. For others it is just that there are a lot of people attracted by risk and danger or just want to show off. For others still it is about the desire to belong to sub-cultures and the glamour that goes with extreme sports. Some seek mastery in their chosen activity and in situations of significant challenges. This confusion is unfortunate as despite their popularity there is still a negative perception about extreme sports participation. There is a pressing need for clarity. The dominant research perspective has focused on positivist theory-driven perspectives that attempt to match extreme sports against predetermined characteristics. For the most part empirical research has conformed to predetermined societal perspectives. Other ways of knowing might reveal more nuanced perspectives of the human dimension of extreme sport participation. This special edition brings together cutting-edge research and thought examining psychology and extreme sports, with particular attention payed to the examination of motivations for initial participation, continue participation, effective performance, and outcomes from participation.

Science: general issues --- Psychology --- extreme sports --- wellbeing --- Learning --- performance --- motivations --- definitions