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Viruses examines all the aspects of viruses that are essential for understanding them--their diversity, behaviors, life cycles, and much more. Written in a nontechnical and easy-to-follow style, the book covers what viruses are and where they come from; how they transmit and evolve; the battle between viruses and hosts, including immunity and vaccination; viruses that are good for us; the critical role viruses play in the balance of earth's ecosystems; what makes a virus--including COVID-19 and influenza become pandemic in plants or animals; and the cutting-edge research that is discovering thousands of new viruses. Each chapter concludes with stunningly illustrated profiles that highlight key viruses.

Viruses. --- MEDICAL / Infectious Diseases.

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A ubiquitous organism able to infect all mammals and birds, which has been estimated to infect one third of the global human population, Toxoplasma gondii is the most successful parasite on Earth, and toxoplasmosis a major zoonotic disease. A current approach to this zoonosis is the "one health" concept, based on the understanding that a disease occurring between animals and man in a specific environment can only be dealt with at the interface of all "players" involved. This book, composed of a series of articles which integrate human and animal data on toxoplasmosis, by authors from all over the world, offers its readers a view on the current research interests and achievements.

MEDICAL / Infectious Diseases. --- Infectious & contagious diseases

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Silent Violence engages the harsh reality of malaria and its effects on marginalized communities in Tanzania. Vinay R. Kamat presents an ethnographic analysis of the shifting global discourses and practices surrounding malaria control and their impact on the people of Tanzania, especially mothers of children sickened by malaria. Malaria control, according to Kamat, has become increasingly medicalized, a trend that overemphasizes biomedical and pharmaceutical interventions while neglecting the social, political, and economic conditions he maintains are central to Africa's malaria problem. Kamat offers recent findings on global health governance, neoliberal economic and health policies, and their impact on local communities. Seeking to link wider social, economic, and political forces to local experiences of sickness and suffering, Kamat analyzes the lived experiences and practices of people most seriously affected by malaria-infants and children. The persistence of childhood malaria is a form of structural violence, he contends, and the resultant social suffering in poor communities is closely tied to social inequalities. Silent Violence illustrates the evolving nature of local responses to the global discourse on malaria control. It advocates for the close study of disease treatment in poor communities as an integral component of global health funding. This ethnography combines a decade of fieldwork with critical review and a rare anthropological perspective on the limitations of the bureaucratic, technological, institutional, medical, and political practices that currently determine malaria interventions in Africa.

Medical / Infectious Diseases --- Social Science / Disease & Health Issues --- Social Science --- Social sciences --- Behavioral sciences --- Human sciences --- Sciences, Social --- Social science --- Social studies --- Civilization

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"Plagues upon the Earth is a history of human civilization and the germs that have shaped its course. At every stage in our species' past, micro-organisms have had macro-effects on the development of human societies. Kyle Harper proposes the first history of human disease to make full use of a radical new source of evidence: pathogen genomes as a biological archive and window into prehistoric times. We can now begin to reconstruct the natural history of human disease at the molecular level, tracing the biographies of the viruses, bacteria, and protozoa that have haunted our species. The story reveals, Harper will show, the continuing importance of the deep past in determining the patterns of global divergence today. Plagues upon the Earth puts the dynamic two-way relationship between humanity and its germs in the foreground. The takeover and transformation of the planet by Homo sapiens has been the most powerful force shaping the evolution of microbial pathogens, and in turn, pathog en evolution has been a decisive influence on the destiny of human societies. From humanity's dispersal out of Africa to the rise of agriculture and complex civilizations, from the great pandemics of the medieval world to the age of global expansion and industrialization, from the modern increase in life expectancy to the ongoing threats of microbial resistance and emerging pathogens like HIV and Ebola, disease evolution has been and remains a primary, powerful, and unpredictable factor in human history. This will be the story of how we made our germs, and how our germs made the world as we know it. Harper aims to cover the entire timespan of Homo sapiens and to set the history of our species in deep perspective. The pathogens that exist today are the heirs of millions of years of evolution. Similarly, the patterns of economic development, and the roots of global inequality, have distant origins. Thus, Harper aims to bring together two bodies of literature: the history of disease and t he study of geography and social development. The book is global in coverage, insisting on the importance of understanding how the tropics and temperate zones, the Old World and the New World, differ and interact throughout the course of history. Viruses, bacteria, and protozoa - in all their peculiarity and specificity - have played an enormous part in shaping the different outcomes experienced by human societies. Plagues upon the Earth combines biology, geography, and economics to understand these differences but emphasizes the central importance of evolution as a source of constant change. The past is always present in the history of disease, and the future is always unpredictable. The story continues right up to our own world. The book closes with a reflection on antibiotic resistance as a form of evolution that continues the ancient molecular antagonism between pathogens and host immune systems, and the importance of seeing this struggle in a broader environmental framework. Freed om from infectious disease remains an unachieved goal for our species, which is more interconnected than ever. The biology of infectious disease has been one of the great forces shaping the patterns of global development, but only with a sense of history - of the interplay of change, conjunction, and chance - can we begin to understand the intertwined story of human societies and their germs"-- "How pathogenic microbes have been an intimate part of human history from the beginning-and how our deadliest germs and biggest pandemics are the product of our success as a speciesPlagues upon the Earth is a monumental history of humans and their germs. Weaving together a grand narrative of global history with insights from cutting-edge genetics, Kyle Harper explains why humanity's uniquely dangerous disease pool is rooted deep in our evolutionary past, and why its growth is accelerated by technological progress. He shows that the story of disease is entangled with the history of slavery, colonialism, and capitalism, and reveals the enduring effects of historical plagues all around us, in patterns of wealth, health, power, and inequality. He also tells the story of humanity's escape from infectious disease-a triumph that makes life as we know it possible, yet destabilizes the environment and fosters new diseases.Panoramic in scope, Plagues upon the Earth traces role of disease in the transition to farming, the spread of cities, the advance of transportation, and the stupendous increase in human numbers. Harper offers a new interpretation of humanity's path to control over infectious disease-one where rising evolutionary threats constantly push back against human progress, and where the devastating effects of modernization contribute to the great divergence between societies. The book reminds us that human health is globally interdependent-and inseparable from the well-being of the planet itself.Putting the COVID-19 pandemic in perspective, Plagues upon the Earth tells the story of how we got here as a species, and it may help us decide where we want to go"--

Epidemics --- Plague --- Diseases --- HISTORY / Social History --- MEDICAL / Infectious Diseases --- History. --- Human ecology. Social biology --- Biological anthropology. Palaeoanthropology --- History of human medicine --- World history --- Epidemics. --- Disease outbreaks --- Outbreaks of disease --- Pandemics --- Pestilences --- Communicable diseases --- Outbreaks --- Disease and lhistory. --- Diseases. --- Diseases and history. --- History and diseases --- History --- Influence on history --- HISTORY / Social History. --- MEDICAL / Infectious Diseases. --- Plague. --- Bubonic plague --- Yersinia infections --- Agriculture (Chinese mythology). --- Agriculture. --- Ancient DNA. --- Angus Deaton. --- Annoyance. --- Bacteria. --- Balance of nature. --- Big History. --- Biological agent. --- Bioterrorism. --- Bubonic plague. --- Cause of death. --- Cellulose. --- Chimpanzee. --- Cholera. --- Chronic condition. --- Chronology. --- Climate change. --- Consilience (book). --- Consilience. --- Countermeasure. --- Demography. --- Diarrhea. --- Disease burden. --- Disease ecology. --- Disease. --- Disinfectant. --- Domestication of the horse. --- Domestication. --- Dysentery. --- E. O. Wilson. --- Ecological niche. --- Ecology. --- Emergence. --- Endemic (epidemiology). --- Environmental protection. --- Epidemic. --- Fossil fuel. --- Fungus. --- Genome, Viral. --- Geography. --- Global catastrophic risk. --- Global health. --- Globalization. --- Health. --- Host (biology). --- Human pathogen. --- Hunter-gatherer. --- Infection. --- Influenza. --- Insect. --- Insecticide. --- Iron Age. --- Louis Pasteur. --- Lymph node. --- Malaria. --- Measles. --- Meat. --- Microorganism. --- Microparasite. --- Mortality rate. --- Negative feedback. --- Neolithic Revolution. --- Organism. --- Origin story. --- Pathogen. --- Phylogenetics. --- Physical geography. --- Plagues and Peoples. --- Poliomyelitis. --- Prevalence. --- Protozoa. --- Public health. --- Pus. --- RNA. --- Refrigeration. --- Reproduction. --- Risk. --- Root cause. --- Slavery. --- Smallpox. --- Sore throat. --- State formation. --- Steamship. --- Taxon. --- Technology. --- Thucydides. --- Toxin. --- Tuberculosis. --- Typhoid fever. --- Typhus. --- Unintended consequences. --- Urbanization. --- Vaccination. --- Vaccine. --- Vegetable. --- Vulnerability (computing). --- Vulnerability. --- Whole genome sequencing. --- Yellow fever.