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In einer stärker computerisierten Welt finden Differential- und Differenzengleichungen immer mehr Anwendung. Das vorliegende Lehrbuch ist insbesondere für Studierende der ingenieurwissenschaftlichen, der informatikorientierten und der ökonomischen Studiengänge geeignet. Ausgewählte Kapitel sind auch für Schülerinnen und Schüler aus der Oberstufe mit den Leistungskursen Mathematik/Physik/Informatik interessant. Der präsentierte Stoff entspricht einer zweistündigen Vorlesung im Grundlagenbereich, wobei Basis-Kenntnisse aus der Analysis und der Linearen Algebra vorausgesetzt sind. Die Autoren zeigen Parallelen bei den Untersuchungen von linearen Differential- und linearen Differenzengleichungen auf, wobei die Vorgehensweisen anhand von vielen Beispielen ausführlich illustriert werden. Es werden lineare Differential- und lineare Differenzengleichungen erster und zweiter Ordnung betrachtet, sowie den Leserinnen und Leser alle Werkzeuge für die Betrachtungen von Gleichungen höherer Ordnung zur Verfügung gestellt.

Mathematics / Differential Equations --- Mathematics

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"Invisible in the Storm is the first book to recount the history, personalities, and ideas behind one of the greatest scientific successes of modern times--the use of mathematics in weather prediction. Although humans have tried to forecast weather for millennia, mathematical principles were used in meteorology only after the turn of the twentieth century. From the first proposal for using mathematics to predict weather, to the supercomputers that now process meteorological information gathered from satellites and weather stations, Ian Roulstone and John Norbury narrate the groundbreaking evolution of modern forecasting. The authors begin with Vilhelm Bjerknes, a Norwegian physicist and meteorologist who in 1904 came up with a method now known as numerical weather prediction. Although his proposed calculations could not be implemented without computers, his early attempts, along with those of Lewis Fry Richardson, marked a turning point in atmospheric science. Roulstone and Norbury describe the discovery of chaos theory's butterfly effect, in which tiny variations in initial conditions produce large variations in the long-term behavior of a system--dashing the hopes of perfect predictability for weather patterns. They explore how weather forecasters today formulate their ideas through state-of-the-art mathematics, taking into account limitations to predictability. Millions of variables--known, unknown, and approximate--as well as billions of calculations, are involved in every forecast, producing informative and fascinating modern computer simulations of the Earth system. Accessible and timely, Invisible in the Storm explains the crucial role of mathematics in understanding the ever-changing weather"--

MATHEMATICS / History & Philosophy. --- MATHEMATICS / Calculus. --- MATHEMATICS / Differential Equations. --- NATURE / Weather. --- MATHEMATICS / Applied. --- SCIENCE / Earth Sciences / Meteorology & Climatology. --- Climatology --- Meteorology --- Climate --- Climate science --- Climate sciences --- Science of climate --- Atmospheric science --- Mathematical models. --- Data processing.

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"In this monograph, Cirant et al. prove comparison principles for nonlinear potential theories in Euclidian spaces in a straightforward manner from duality and monotonicity. They also show how to deduce comparison principles for nonlinear differential operators--a program seemingly different from the first. However, this monograph marries these two points of view, for a wide variety of equations, under something called the correspondence principle. Making this connection between potential theory and operator theory enables simplifications on the operator side and provides enrichment on the potential side. Harvey and Lawson have worked for 15 years to articulate a geometric approach to viscosity solutions for an important class of differential equations. Their approach is broader and more flexible than existing alternatives. With the collaboration of Cirant and Payne, this concise book establishes the keystone of the theory: the existence of comparison principles"-- "An examination of the symbiotic and productive relationship between fully nonlinear partial differential equations and generalized potential theories. In recent years, there has evolved a symbiotic and productive relationship between fully nonlinear partial differential equations and generalized potential theories. This book examines important aspects of this story. One main purpose is to prove comparison principles for nonlinear potential theories in Euclidian spaces straightforwardly from duality and monotonicity under the weakest possible notion of ellipticity. The book also shows how to deduce comparison principles for nonlinear differential operators, by marrying these two points of view, under the correspondence principle.The authors explain that comparison principles are fundamental in both contexts, since they imply uniqueness for the Dirichlet problem. When combined with appropriate boundary geometries, yielding suitable barrier functions, they also give existence by Perron's method. There are many opportunities for cross-fertilization and synergy. In potential theory, one is given a constraint set of 2-jets that determines its subharmonic functions. The constraint set also determines a family of compatible differential operators. Because there are many such operators, potential theory strengthens and simplifies the operator theory. Conversely, the set of operators associated with the constraint can influence the potential theory"--

Potential theory (Mathematics) --- Differential equations, Partial. --- Nonlinear operators. --- MATHEMATICS / Differential Equations / General --- Annals of Mathematics Studies. --- Comparison Principles for General Potential Theories and PDEs: (AMS-218). --- H. Blaine Lawson, Jr. --- Kevin R. Payne. --- Marco Cirant, F. Reese Harvey. --- Princeton University Press: math. --- Princeton. --- Subequation constraints. --- degenerate elliptic. --- fully nonlinear. --- mathematical theories. --- viscosity solutions.

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This book offers a survey of recent developments in the analysis of shock reflection-diffraction, a detailed presentation of original mathematical proofs of von Neumann's conjectures for potential flow, and a collection of related results and new techniques in the analysis of partial differential equations (PDEs), as well as a set of fundamental open problems for further development.Shock waves are fundamental in nature. They are governed by the Euler equations or their variants, generally in the form of nonlinear conservation laws-PDEs of divergence form. When a shock hits an obstacle, shock reflection-diffraction configurations take shape. To understand the fundamental issues involved, such as the structure and transition criteria of different configuration patterns, it is essential to establish the global existence, regularity, and structural stability of shock reflection-diffraction solutions. This involves dealing with several core difficulties in the analysis of nonlinear PDEs-mixed type, free boundaries, and corner singularities-that also arise in fundamental problems in diverse areas such as continuum mechanics, differential geometry, mathematical physics, and materials science. Presenting recently developed approaches and techniques, which will be useful for solving problems with similar difficulties, this book opens up new research opportunities.

Shock waves --- Von Neumann algebras. --- MATHEMATICS / Differential Equations / Partial. --- Algebras, Von Neumann --- Algebras, W --- Neumann algebras --- Rings of operators --- W*-algebras --- C*-algebras --- Hilbert space --- Shock (Mechanics) --- Waves --- Diffraction --- Diffraction. --- Mathematics. --- A priori estimate. --- Accuracy and precision. --- Algorithm. --- Andrew Majda. --- Attractor. --- Banach space. --- Bernhard Riemann. --- Big O notation. --- Boundary value problem. --- Bounded set (topological vector space). --- C0. --- Calculation. --- Cauchy problem. --- Coefficient. --- Computation. --- Computational fluid dynamics. --- Conjecture. --- Conservation law. --- Continuum mechanics. --- Convex function. --- Degeneracy (mathematics). --- Demetrios Christodoulou. --- Derivative. --- Dimension. --- Directional derivative. --- Dirichlet boundary condition. --- Dirichlet problem. --- Dissipation. --- Ellipse. --- Elliptic curve. --- Elliptic partial differential equation. --- Embedding problem. --- Equation solving. --- Equation. --- Estimation. --- Euler equations (fluid dynamics). --- Existential quantification. --- Fixed point (mathematics). --- Flow network. --- Fluid dynamics. --- Fluid mechanics. --- Free boundary problem. --- Function (mathematics). --- Function space. --- Fundamental class. --- Fundamental solution. --- Fundamental theorem. --- Hyperbolic partial differential equation. --- Initial value problem. --- Iteration. --- Laplace's equation. --- Linear equation. --- Linear programming. --- Linear space (geometry). --- Mach reflection. --- Mathematical analysis. --- Mathematical optimization. --- Mathematical physics. --- Mathematical problem. --- Mathematical proof. --- Mathematical theory. --- Mathematician. --- Melting. --- Monotonic function. --- Neumann boundary condition. --- Nonlinear system. --- Numerical analysis. --- Parameter space. --- Parameter. --- Partial derivative. --- Partial differential equation. --- Phase boundary. --- Phase transition. --- Potential flow. --- Pressure gradient. --- Quadratic function. --- Regularity theorem. --- Riemann problem. --- Scientific notation. --- Self-similarity. --- Special case. --- Specular reflection. --- Stefan problem. --- Structural stability. --- Subspace topology. --- Symmetrization. --- Theorem. --- Theory. --- Truncation error (numerical integration). --- Two-dimensional space. --- Unification (computer science). --- Variable (mathematics). --- Velocity potential. --- Vortex sheet. --- Vorticity. --- Wave equation. --- Weak convergence (Hilbert space). --- Weak solution.