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This study investigates how the lying down behaviour is affected during the first weeks after tethering. Forty-eight dairy heifers in four trials were brought in from pasture and housed individually in straw-bedded pens prior to the experiment. During the experimental period of 24 days, the heifers were either tethered in stalls with concrete floor during all 24 days, the last 10 days, the last 3 days, or stayed in the pens for the whole period (control). At the end of the experimental period, the behaviour of all heifers was video-recorded during 24 h. The number of investigations of the lying surface per lying down was largest (PPPPP<0.001). Heifers tethered for 3 days appeared to have the greatest problems and loose heifers appeared to have fewest problems with lying down. The results suggest that heifers have problems lying down in tie-stalls, especially shortly after tethering, and that full adaptation to tethering does not occur within the time investigated

Adaptation. --- Behaviour. --- Control. --- Experiment. --- Floor. --- Heifers. --- Investigation. --- Lying down. --- Lying. --- Pasture. --- Pen. --- Time.

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The aims of the study were to investigate the behavioural consequences of tethering and to investigate the behavioural changes after tethering in calves of two different age groups. Thirty-six Danish Black and White heifer calves were housed in individual pens from birth. Eighteen of the calves were tethered in individual stalls at 12 weeks of age, and 18 calves were tethered at 23 weeks of age. The calves assigned to late tethering were housed in groups of three in deep litter pens from 12 to 23 weeks of age. From 24 h video recordings, collected in the first, second, fourth and eighth weeks after tethering in all calves, and in the eighth weeks after grouping in calves assigned to late tethering, the behaviour of individual calves was recorded instantaneously at 5 min intervals. In addition, the number of lying periods was counted. At the same age (i.e. 8 weeks after tethering and grouping, respectively) tethered calves spent more time lying down (62% vs. 56%, P P P P P P < 0.001), but no change in the number of lying periods was found in calves tethered at 12 weeks of age (10, 11, 10 and 10 lying periods per 24 h in the first, second, fourth and eighth weeks after tethering). The results on resting behaviour suggest that calves tethered at a late age have more initial problems changing position in the tie-stall, and suffer a reduction in lying time for longer than calves tethered at an early age. No difference between age groups in response to tethering was found for feeding, ruminating, oral and grooming behaviour

Age. --- Behaviour. --- Behavioural consequences. --- Birth. --- Calves. --- Consequences. --- Feeding. --- Grooming. --- Group. --- Grouping. --- Lying down. --- Lying. --- Pen. --- Periods. --- Position. --- Reduction. --- Response. --- Time. --- Video.

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Painting, French --- Lying down position in art --- Peinture française --- Position couchée dans l'art --- Exhibitions --- Expositions --- Hélion, Jean,

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To determine if bedding has any influence on the time horses spend recumbent, 8 horses kept on straw and 8 kept on wood shavings were observed from 10:00 PM to 5:30 AM for two successive nights. Observations were conducted using time-lapse video recordings. Lying down and rising behavior, as well as frequency and duration of bouts spent in lateral and sternal recumbency, was registered. The results showed that horses on straw were lying in lateral recumbency three times longer than horses on shavings (P < .001), whereas the time horses spent in sternal recumbency did not differ. The longest period of noninterrupted lateral recumbency was longer for horses on straw than for those on shavings. Because horses must lie down, preferably in lateral recumbency, to achieve paradoxical sleep, the reduced time spent in lateral recumbency in horses on wood shavings may affect their welfare and performance. Independent of the bedding, we further observed that, as the horses got up from recumbency, most of them made attempts to roll over before rising. This behavior appeared to be caused by some difficulty in rising, possibly due to the box size, and might have a connection with the fact that horses sometimes get stuck against the box wall

Bedding. --- Behavior. --- Boxes. --- Budgets. --- Deprivation. --- Duration. --- Equus-caballus. --- Frequency. --- Horse. --- Horses. --- Kept. --- Lying down. --- Lying. --- Observation. --- Patterns. --- Performance. --- Pony. --- Recumbency. --- Rest behavior. --- Rhythm. --- Size. --- Sleep. --- States. --- Straw. --- Time. --- Video. --- Wakefulness. --- Welfare.

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Der liegende weibliche Akt gehört zu den wichtigsten Bildfindungen der Kunst der Frühen Neuzeit und ist seither im künstlerischen Motivrepertoire fest verankert. Die Namen bedeutender Renaissance-Künstler sind mit den Darstellungen des liegenden Frauenaktes eng verknüpft. In ihren Bildern werden zentrale Kategorien wie Liebe, Weiblichkeit und Schönheit sowie Erotik und Sexualität thematisiert. Das schon in der Antike beliebte und bis in die Gegenwart immer wieder aufgegriffene Motiv hat eine lange Geschichte. Die Anfänge dieser Geschichte in der nach­antiken, europäischen Malerei zu beleuchten, ist das Anliegen dieser Publikation. Es geht dabei um die formalen und ikonographischen Ausprägungen des Motivs, um verschiedene künstlerische Lösungen und ihre Zusammenhänge, um Akzentverschiebungen in der Darstellung erotischer Bildgegenstände und nicht zuletzt um die übergreifende Fragestellung der Antikenrezeption.

Iconography --- Painting --- Graphic arts --- prints [visual works] --- sculpture [visual works] --- easel paintings [paintings by form] --- nudes [representations] --- Northern Renaissance --- philosophy of art --- human figures [visual works] --- Renaissance --- women [female humans] --- Cariani, Giovanni --- Bonifazio Veronese --- Palma, Jacopo --- Bordone, Paris --- Giorgione --- Dürer, Albrecht --- Titian --- Lotto, Lorenzo --- Altdorfer, Albrecht --- Cranach, Lucas I --- Girolamo da Treviso I --- Licinio da Pordenone, Bernardino --- Buonarroti, Michelangelo --- Western Europe --- Italy --- Hardback --- Sewn --- Renaissancemalerei --- 1583: Hardcover, Softcover / Kunst/Bildende Kunst --- Female nude in art --- Lying down position in art --- Painting, Renaissance --- Drawing, Renaissance