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The personalized medicine is supported by the pharmacogenetics. This new branch of genetics evolves thanks to the news of molecular biology and the complete sequencing of the human genome. Thanks to its progressive use in the current clinic, it is possible to choose and adapt the treatment appropriately. This is of great importance when it comes to molecules with narrow therapeutic window or which could de the cause of potentially serious side effects. In this work, we reviewed the treatments for psoriasis and lupus and in particular those that are the subject of pharmacogenetics studies. The identified polymorphisms of thiopurine methyltransferase are responsible for the variation of its activity. Homozygous carriers of wild-type alleles have normal thiopurine methyltransferase activity and may be treated with thiopurines such as azathioprine. The presence of one or two mutated alleles reduces thiopurine methyltransferase activity. Once identified the deficient patients, the doctor adjusts the dosage of azathioprine or prescribes another medication more suitable. La pharmacogénétique est un des outils de la médecine personnalisée. Cette nouvelle branche de la génétique a émergé suite aux récents développements de la biologie moléculaire et du séquençage complet du génome humain. Grace à son installation progressive dans la clinique courante, on arrive à choisir et mieux adapter le traitement pour chaque patient. Ceci est d'une grande importance quand il s'agit de molécules à fenêtre thérapeutique étroite ou qui sont la cause d'effets secondaires potentiellement graves. Dans ce travail, nous avons passé en revue les traitements contre le psoriasis et le lupus et en particulier ceux qui sont objet d'études pharmacogénétiques. Les polymorphismes identifiés de la thiopurine methyltransferase sont responsables de la variation de son activité. Les porteurs homozygotes des allèles sauvages ont une activité normale de la thiopurine methyltransferase et peuvent se voir attribuer un traitement à base de thiopurines telles que l'azathioprine. La présence d'un seul ou de deux allèles variants réduisent l'activité de la thiopurine methyltransferase. Une fois les patients déficients en activité thiopurine methyltransferase identifiés, le médecin adapte la posologie de l'azathioprine ou prescrit un autre médicament plus adéquat.

Pharmacogenetics --- Psoriasis --- Lupus Vulgaris --- Azathioprine

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Lupus is an autoimmune disease that can affect virtually any system in the body. Think of it as a 'self-allergy' where the body attacks its own cells and tissues, causing inflammation, pain, and possible organ damage. Lupus is an extremely common and potentially treatable disease of the immune system. It affects approximately 1 in 1000 women and is more common than diseases such as multiple sclerosis and leukemia. The London Lupus Centre Book of Lupus - a patient's guide provides a concise source of information on lupus and the surrounding issues. It will guide the reader through symptoms, causes and treatment of lupus, as well as more specific issues such as lupus in pregnancy, or osteoporosis and lupus. With a chapter on the 'first cousins' of lupus, namely Sjogren's syndrome, Hughes' syndrome and mixed connective tissue disease, the book is a useful resource not only for the lupus patient, but also for the interested general public and the medical nursing professions. Professor Graham R. V. Hughes is Head of the London Lupus Centre, UK; a founding member of the national patients' charity 'Lupus UK', and life President; founder and editor of the international journal Lupus. In 1983, Professor Hughes described the anti-phospholipid syndrome, now known as Hughes' syndrome, for which he was awarded the International League Against Rheumatism prize for research into rheumatic diseases.

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