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Lung macrophages are essential for alveolar homeostasis and foreign body removal. Macrophage dysfunction can result in a pathological accumulation of surfactants, lipids and proteins in the alveoli called pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP). Inhalation of indium-containing particles (ICPs) such as indium-tin oxide (ITO) is specifically associated with macrophage toxicity and PAP development. In vitro studies have demonstrated that ITO particles are phagocytosed and dissolved by macrophages which subsequently release ionic indium, the primary cytotoxic compound for these cells. Here, we performed in vivo and ex vivo studies to determine how ITP particles affect alveolar (AM) and interstitial (IM) macrophages, the two main macrophage populations of the lungs. After ITO instillation in mice, we observed a depletion of the AM subpopulation that coincided with PAP formation. In contrast, IM were persistently accumulated in treated mice, suggesting that AM is the main target of ITO toxicity. Paradoxically, IM phagocytosed more ITO particles and were more sensitive to ITO exposure than AM ex vivo. In contrast, ionic indium was highly cytotoxic for AM in comparison to IM. Our data obtained by using AM and IM co-cultures and endocytosis inhibitors suggested that IM phagocytose ITO particles and release ionic indium that forms complexes particularly cytotoxic for AM. These results suggested that both IM and AM contribute to ITO-induced PAP in mice. In addition, the specific depletion of AM in ITO-treated mice was related to a defect of IL-1α (not GM-CSF), an essential autocrine cytokine for AM replenishment during lung responses to particles. We concluded that alveolar clearance defect and PAP development after ICPs exposure result from the release of ionic indium and the abrogation of AM self-maintenance.

Lung Diseases, Interstitial --- Macrophages --- Pulmonary Wedge Pressure

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Lung Diseases. --- Lung Diseases, Interstitial. --- Lungs --- Poumons --- Diseases --- Maladies

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Written and edited by global leaders in this challenging field, Rare and Interstitial Lung Diseases: Clinical Cases and Real-World Discussions brings you up to date with the latest advances in complex or rare lung diseases managed on outpatient or inpatient respiratory or critical care units. Using a unique, case-based approach, a wide variety of cases are presented along with perspectives from a multidisciplinary team of experts who discuss therapeutic choices and rationales. This real-world approach allows the reader to become a virtual attending physician, simulating a realistic clinical reasoning process on the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of patients with rare and complex lung diseases.

Interstitial lung diseases. --- Lung Diseases, Interstitial --- Rare Diseases

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"Clinically focused and designed to provide a to-the-point overview, Interstitial Lung Disease, by Drs. Talmadge King, Harold Collard, and Luca Richeldi, bring you up to date with increased understanding, new treatment protocols, and recent advances in the field. Written by contributing specialists who are global experts in their respective areas, this one-stop reference provides pulmonologists, intensivists, internal medicine physicians, and researchers with a dependable source of information on current treatment options and patient care"--Publisher's description.

Interstitial lung diseases. --- Lung Diseases, Interstitial. --- lung Diseases, Interstitial. --- Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Diseases --- Interstitial Lung Diseases --- Pneumonia, Interstitial --- Pneumonitis, Interstitial --- Interstitial Lung Disease --- Interstitial Pneumonia --- Interstitial Pneumonias --- Interstitial Pneumonitides --- Interstitial Pneumonitis --- Lung Disease, Interstitial --- Pneumonias, Interstitial --- Pneumonitides, Interstitial --- Lungs --- Diseases, Interstitial --- Interstitial diseases --- Diseases --- Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Disease

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Interstitial lung diseases comprise a significant part of any respiratory medicine practice.  This timely second edition of Diffuse Lung Disease is a practical clinically-oriented resource, covering all the major advances in diagnostic techniques and therapies.  Authored by world authorities in the field, this book provides clear and specific recommendations for the management of all forms of interstitial lung diseases.  This book is divided into two sections.  The first section addresses the general aspects of diagnosis and management, including clinical approach, radiographic approach, physiological changes, and classification.  The second section details each individual form of interstitial lung disease.  Organized in an easy to follow format, each disease specific chapter includes tables outlining diagnostic approach, differential diagnosis, disease monitoring, and treatment.  Illustrative cases, replete with high quality HRCT images, bring an added dimension to this outstanding book.

geneeskunde --- Physiology of the respiratory system --- Human medicine --- pneumologie --- Lung Diseases, Interstitial. --- Interstitial lung diseases --- Lungs --- Poumons --- Diseases --- Diagnosis. --- Maladies interstitielles --- Maladies --- Diagnostics --- EPUB-LIV-FT LIVMEDEC SPRINGER-B