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Stars --- Stars, Brightest --- 524.31 --- Brightest stars --- Simple stars. Luminosity. Spectral type --- 524.31 Simple stars. Luminosity. Spectral type

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The present work consists in the obtention of the rotation curve of the spiral galaxy NGC 7331 from its luminosity profile. In order to do that, 14 images of different spectral bands (from the far ultraviolet to the far infrared) were used, dividing the galaxy in concentric elliptical annuli to obtain the flux for the different distances to the galactic center, and for each spectral band. The luminosity profiles were then corrected for dust absorption. These spectra were then adjusted to stellar population models, using a two-burst function to represent the stellar formation events. With these stellar populations, the stellar mass profile is calculated. The mass profile for the gas in the galaxy is calculated as well, and added to the stellar mass to obtain the total mass profile. This result is used to calculate the rotation curve, with the hypothesis of spherical mass distribution for the bulge and circular planar mass distribution for the galactic disk. This curve was then compared with the rotation curve obtained from spectroscopy, and some theories (i.e. underestimation of the distance, dark matter halo) were formulated in order to explain the differences between the two curves. Some other hypothesis, like the MOND theory, strong magnetic fields in the outer disk or undetected mass clouds, were also introduced, although not developed.

Galaxy --- Spiral galaxy --- rotation curve --- luminosity profile --- mass profile --- ngc7331 --- Physique, chimie, mathématiques & sciences de la terre > Aérospatiale, astronomie & astrophysique

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This book provides a broad introduction to the physics and technology of the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC). This new configuration of the LHC is one of the major accelerator projects for the next 20 years and will give new life to the LHC after its first 15-year operation. Not only will it allow more precise measurements of the Higgs boson and of any new particles that might be discovered in the next LHC run, but also extend the mass limit reach for detecting new particles. The HL-LHC is based on the innovative accelerator magnet technologies capable of generating 11–13 Tesla fields, with effectiveness enhanced by use of the new Achromatic Telescopic Squeezing scheme, and other state-of-the-art accelerator technologies, such as superconducting compact RF crab cavities, advanced collimation concepts, and novel power technology based on high temperature superconducting links.The book consists of a series of chapters touching on all issues of technology and design, and each chapter can be read independently. The first few chapters give a summary of the whole project, of the physics motivation and of the accelerator challenges. The subsequent chapters cover the novel technologies, the new configurations of LHC and of its injectors as well as the expected operational implications. Altogether, the book brings the reader to the heart of technologies for the leading edge accelerator and gives insights into next generation hadron colliders.

Large Hadron Collider (France and Switzerland) --- Physics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Nuclear Physics --- Large Hadron Collider --- Hadron colliders --- Supercolliders --- High Field Superconducting Magnets --- High Energy Colliders --- Superconducting Accelerators --- Advanced Collimators --- High Luminosity Colliders --- LHC Upgrades --- Crab Cavities --- Superconducting Links

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The emphasis on white dwarf stars and cosmology arises from the most recent advances in cosmological and galactic structure research in which white dwarf stars are playing a very prominent role. Examples are Type Ia supernovae (i.e. white dwarf supernovae), the origin and evolution of the universe, the age of the galactic disk, cosmochronology using white dwarfs in globular clusters and galactic clusters, and the physics of accretion onto compact (very dense) stars. As an assisting guide to the reader, we have included, by invitation, comprehensive review articles in each of the four major areas of the book, white dwarf supernovae, cosmology, accretion physics and galactic structure. The reviews include introductory material that they build upon. The book is suitable and most useful to advanced undergraduates, graduate students and scientific professionals (e.g. astronomers, astrophysicists, cosmologists, physicists).

White dwarf stars --- Dwarf stars --- Low-luminosity stars --- Stars --- White dwarfs --- Compact objects (Astronomy) --- Astronomy. --- Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology. --- Astronomy, Observations and Techniques. --- Astrophysics. --- Observations, Astronomical. --- Astronomy—Observations. --- Astronomical observations --- Observations, Astronomical --- Astronomical physics --- Astronomy --- Cosmic physics --- Physics --- Cosmological probes --- Galactic probes

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"The Earth's climate system depends entirely on the Sun for its energy. Solar radiation warms the atmosphere and is fundamental to atmospheric composition, while the distribution of solar heating across the planet produces global wind patterns and contributes to the formation of clouds, storms, and rainfall. The Sun's Influence on Climate provides an unparalleled introduction to this vitally important relationship.This accessible primer covers the basic properties of the Earth's climate system, the structure and behavior of the Sun, and the absorption of solar radiation in the atmosphere. It explains how solar activity varies and how these variations affect the Earth's environment, from long-term paleoclimate effects to century timescales in the context of human-induced climate change, and from signals of the 11-year sunspot cycle to the impacts of solar emissions on space weather in our planet's upper atmosphere.Written by two of the leading authorities on the subject, The Sun's Influence on Climate is an essential primer for students and nonspecialists alike"--

Solar-terrestrial physics. --- Climatic changes --- Weather --- Solar activity --- Solar terrestrial interactions --- Solar-terrestrial relations --- Sun-Earth connection --- Terrestrial-solar relations --- Geophysics --- Effect of solar activity on. --- EUV. --- Earth. --- Sun. --- UV radiation. --- UV. --- X-ray wavelengths. --- atmosphere. --- atmospheric composition. --- average temperature. --- biological processes. --- biosphere. --- chemical processes. --- climate change. --- climate system. --- climate. --- coronal mass ejections. --- cryosphere. --- dendrochronology. --- energy source. --- global wind patterns. --- human activity. --- infrared. --- lower stratosphere. --- magnetic field. --- meteorological balloons. --- meteorological records. --- natural factors. --- paleoclimate. --- physical processes. --- proxy data. --- radiation budget. --- radiation. --- regression analysis. --- solar activity. --- solar atmosphere. --- solar corona. --- solar cycle. --- solar emissions. --- solar energy. --- solar heating. --- solar luminosity. --- solar magnetic field. --- solar radiation. --- solar wind. --- space environment. --- space weather. --- sunspots. --- surface temperature. --- temperature. --- temporal variation. --- weather variations.